Umusaruro w’ibitunguru n’urusenda mu Rwanda: ikibazo cy’ikwirakwizwa ry’igihombo n’icyo gukora ngo gikemuke

Mu Rwanda, ibihingwa nk’ibitunguru n’urusenda bifite uruhare rukomeye mu bukungu bw’abahinzi, mu masoko y’imbere mu gihugu ndetse no ku isoko mpuzamahanga. Gusa, imibare mishya igaragaza ko ibihingwa byinshi byangirika nyuma yo gusarurwa, bityo bigatera igihombo kinini ku bahinzi.

Nk’uko ubushakashatsi buheruka gukora bubigaragaza, umusaruro w’ibitunguru wangirika mu Rwanda nyuma yo gusarura ugera kuri 15,4%, mu gihe urusenda rwangirika ku gipimo cya 17,2% kubera kubura uburyo buhamye bwo kurwumisha neza no kururinda kwangirika. Ibi bibazo bibangamira cyane ubukungu bw’abahinzi bato n’abafite imirima mito, bagasanga amafaranga bashoyemo mu guhinga nta nyungu bayakura.

Impamvu nyamukuru z’ikwirakwizwa ry’igihombo

Hari impamvu nyinshi zitera ibi bihingwa kwangirika:

1. Kubura uburyo buhamye bwo kubika
   Abahinzi benshi mu Rwanda bakoresha uburyo gakondo bwo kubika ibitunguru n’urusenda, nko kubishyira mu bishashi cyangwa mu bice bituma byangirika byihuse. Kubura uburyo bwo kubumisha no kubibika neza ni kimwe mu by’ingenzi bituma umusaruro wabo wose udashobora kugurishwa.

2. Ibidukikije bidahwitse mu kubika
   Ibi birimo ubushyuhe bwinshi, umwuka udatunganye, ndetse n’ubushuhe bwinshi mu bice abahinzi babika ibitunguru n’urusenda. Ibi byose bituma ibihingwa byangirika mbere y’igihe.

3. Ikoranabuhanga rike
   Mu gihe ibihugu byinshi byo muri Afurika bifite uburyo bugezweho bwo kubika ibitunguru n’urusenda mu buryo butuma bimara amezi menshi bidapfa, u Rwanda ruracyafite imbogamizi mu kubona ibikoresho byorohereza abahinzi kubibika neza.

Ingaruka ku bahinzi n’ubukungu

Ikwirakwizwa ry’igihombo rifite ingaruka ku bantu benshi:

• Abahinzi bato n’abafite imirima mito: Akenshi aba bahinzi bakenera amafaranga yo kwishyura amashuri y’abana, gukemura ibibazo byo mu rugo, cyangwa gutunga umuryango. Iyo umusaruro wabo wangirika, babura ayo mafaranga.

• Isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu: Kubura ibitunguru n’urusenda bihagije ku isoko bituma ibiciro byiyongera, bikagora abaguzi basanzwe.

• Ubukungu rusange: Igihombo ku musaruro w’ibihingwa by’ingenzi rituma igihugu kiva mu nzira yo guteza imbere ubuhinzi bugezweho no kongera umusaruro.

Uko ikibazo gishobora gukemuka

Abahanga mu buhinzi n’ubuyobozi bw’igihugu basaba gukoresha ingamba zinoze kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke:

1. Guteza imbere uburyo bwo kubika no kumisha ibihingwa
   Hariho uburyo bugezweho bwo kubika ibitunguru n’urusenda, nko gukoresha containers zifite ubushyuhe bugenzurwa cyangwa gutunganya ibitunguru mu buryo bw’umwimerere (drying) butuma bimara amezi atandatu cyangwa arenze nta kwangirika.

2. Kwigisha abahinzi uburyo buhamye bwo kubika
   Gutoza abahinzi uburyo bwo gutunganya ibitunguru n’urusenda neza mbere yo kubibika, ndetse no kubishyira ahantu hateguwe neza, ni intambwe ikomeye mu kugabanya igihombo.

3. Kworohereza abahinzi kubona ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga
   Leta ishobora gufasha abahinzi kubona ibikoresho byabigenewe, nka silos, imashini zumisha ibitunguru cyangwa ibyuma bifasha mu kubibika mu buryo bw’umutekano.

4. Kurema amashyirahamwe y’abahinzi
   Iyo abahinzi bateranye mu matsinda cyangwa amashyirahamwe, bibafasha kugura ibikoresho mu buryo buhendutse, gusangira ubumenyi, no kugurisha umusaruro hamwe, bityo bagabanya igihombo ku giti cyabo.

Ingero z’ahandi byakunze gukemuka

Mu bihugu bitandukanye bya Afurika, hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kubika ibitunguru mu bubiko butandukanye harimo containers zifite ubushyuhe bugenzurwa, ibikoresho by’umwimerere byo kumisha no kubika, ndetse n’uburyo bwo guhuza abahinzi ku isoko. Ibi byatumye igihombo kigabanuka ku gipimo cya 5–7%, ibintu bishobora kwigwaho n’u Rwanda kugira ngo n’abahinzi bacyo bunguke.

Uruhare rwa Leta n’abafatanyabikorwa

Ni ngombwa ko Leta y’u Rwanda ifasha abahinzi mu buryo bukurikira:

• Gutanga amahugurwa ku buryo buhamye bwo kubika ibihingwa

• Kuremera abahinzi uburyo bwo kubona ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bibafasha kubika neza umusaruro

• Gutanga inguzanyo zoroheje cyangwa inkunga ku bahinzi mu kugura ibi bikoresho

• Gushyiraho gahunda z’ubwishingizi bw’ibihingwa kugira ngo igihombo kitabavirire

Uko abahinzi bashobora kwirinda igihombo

• Gutunganya neza ibitunguru n’urusenda mbere yo kubibika

• Kubibika ahantu hateguwe, hatangirika kubera ubushuhe cyangwa ubushyuhe

• Kubyaza umusaruro ibihingwa byangirika mu buryo bw’ingirakamaro, nko gukora ibiribwa bikomoka ku bitunguru cyangwa urusenda

• Gushyira hamwe mu matsinda kugira ngo bashobore kugura ibikoresho byabigenewe

Gusoza: Gusaba ubufasha bwa Leta

Mu gusoza, turasaba Leta y’u Rwanda gukomeza gushyigikira abahinzi mu buryo bwo kurengera inyungu z’umusaruro wabo. Abahinzi bakwiye kubona ibikoresho, amahugurwa, n’ubufasha mu kubika neza ibihingwa byabo kugira ngo igihombo gikomoka ku kwangirika k’umusaruro kigabanuke.

Ni ngombwa ko gahunda zose zifashwa n’abafatanyabikorwa zigamije guteza imbere ubuhinzi, kurengera inyungu z’abahinzi, no kongera umusaruro mu buryo burambye. Iyo abahinzi bungukiye neza, igihugu nacyo kirunguka, isoko rikagwira neza, ndetse n’abaturage bagahabwa ibiribwa bihagije kandi bifite ireme.

Rwanda, tubasabye gufasha abahinzi bacu, kugira ngo umusaruro wabo ube umusingi w’iterambere ry’igihugu kandi inyungu zabo zikingirwe.