Mu gihe umutekano wo mu kirere ukomeje kuba ingenzi mu bihugu bifite ibibazo by’umutekano muke, Igihugu cya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo cyamaze gutangaza ko cyaguze system igezweho yo kurwanya no guhanura drones yitwa “Système anti-drone D4”. Iyi ntambwe ifashwe nk’iy’ingenzi mu rwego rwo gukaza ubwirinzi bw’ibikorwaremezo bikomeye cyane cyane ibibuga by’indege byagiye byibasirwa n’ibitero byifashishije indege zitagira abapilote.
Impamvu yo kugura iyi system
Mu mezi ashize, mu burasirazuba bwa Congo hagaragaye ibitero byakoresheje drones mu kurasa ku birindiro by’ingabo n’ahandi hafite agaciro kanini mu bya gisirikare. Ibi byatumye ubuyobozi bw’icyo gihugu bushaka igisubizo kirambye kandi cyihuse cyo guhangana n’iri koranabuhanga rikomeje gutera imbere.
Drones zifite ubushobozi bwo kugera kure, kuguruka hasi zitagaragara byoroshye ku maradar asanzwe, ndetse no gutwara ibisasu bito bishobora guteza igihombo kinini. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibihugu byinshi byatangiye gushora imari mu buryo bwo kuzirwanya, harimo gukoresha uburyo bwo kuzihagarika (jamming), kuzifata ku butaka cyangwa kuzihanura burundu.
Inkomoko n’agaciro k’iyi system
Amakuru atangazwa n’inzego z’umutekano agaragaza ko iyi “Système anti-drone D4” yaguzwe mu gihugu cya India, kimwe mu bihugu bifite inganda zikomeye mu by’ikoranabuhanga rya gisirikare. India imaze imyaka igaragara ku isoko mpuzamahanga nk’igurisha ibikoresho bya gisirikare birimo radar, missiles ndetse n’ibikoresho byo kurwanya drones.
Bivugwa ko agaciro k’iyi system kari hagati ya miliyoni 130 na miliyoni 359 z’amadorali y’Amerika, bitewe n’ibikoresho byiyongeraho n’ubushobozi bwihariye buri mu masezerano. Ibi byerekana ko Congo yashoye imari nini mu rwego rwo kurinda ikirere cyayo n’ibikorwa remezo by’ingenzi.
Uko iyi system ikora
“Système anti-drone D4” ifite ubushobozi bwo kumenya drone ikiri kure, kuyigenzura no kuyihagarika. Mu mikorere yayo, hifashishwa:
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Radar n’ibikoresho byo gutahura (detection sensors) – bifasha kumenya ikintu cyose kigenda mu kirere gifite imiterere ya drone.
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Jamming system – ubu ni uburyo bwo guhagarika imiyoborere ya drone hakoreshejwe guhagarika imiyoboro (signals) iyigenzura. Iyo drone ibuze signal iyiyobora, ishobora guhagarara, kumanuka cyangwa kugwa hasi.
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Laser technology – amakuru atangwa agaragaza ko iyi system ishobora no gukoresha lasers mu guhanura drone mu buryo bwihuse kandi bunoze, cyane cyane izo bigaragara ko zifite umugambi mubi.
Ubu buryo butatu bufatanyije butuma habaho ubwirinzi bwihuse kandi bwizewe, cyane cyane ahantu hafite ubucucike bw’abantu cyangwa ibikorwa by’ingenzi.
Aho izabanza gushyirwa
Amakuru yizewe avuga ko iyi system izabanza gushyirwa ku bibuga by’indege bya Kalemie na Kisangani. Ibi bibuga by’indege bifite akamaro kanini mu guhuza ibice bitandukanye by’igihugu no mu bikorwa bya gisirikare n’ubucuruzi.
Kalemie iherereye mu burasirazuba bwa Congo, mu gace kagiye karangwa n’umutekano mucye, mu gihe Kisangani ari umujyi munini ufite amateka akomeye mu by’ubucuruzi n’ingabo. Gushyira iyi system kuri ibi bibuga byombi bigamije kubanza kurinda ahantu hashobora kwibasirwa byihuse.
Hari kandi amakuru avuga ko system nk’iyi yamaze gushyirwa ku kibuga cy’indege cya Bujumbura mu rwego rwo kurinda icyo gihugu ibitero bya drones. Ibi bigaragaza ko ikibazo cya drones atari icya Congo gusa, ahubwo ari ikibazo cy’umutekano kireba akarere kose.
Ingaruka ku mutekano w’akarere
Kugura no gushyiraho iyi system bishobora kugira ingaruka zitandukanye ku mutekano w’akarere:
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Kongera ubushobozi bwo kwirinda ibitero: Ibi bishobora kugabanya cyane ibitero byifashisha drones.
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Guhindura uburyo bw’intambara: Amatsinda arwanya ubutegetsi ashobora gushaka ubundi buryo bwo kugaba ibitero.
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Kongera irushanwa ry’ibikoresho bya gisirikare: Ibihugu by’akarere bishobora kumva bikwiye kongera imbaraga mu by’ubwirinzi kugira ngo bitazacikanwa.
Mu burasirazuba bwa Congo hakomeje kuba ibikorwa by’imitwe yitwaje intwaro, irimo n’umutwe wa M23 umaze igihe ugarukwaho cyane mu makuru ajyanye n’imirwano. Ibi byatumye ikibazo cy’umutekano mu kirere gifatwa nk’ikintu gikomeye, cyane cyane mu kurinda ibirindiro n’ibikorwaremezo bya leta.
Ese iyi system izatanga igisubizo kirambye?
Nubwo iyi system ifite ubushobozi buhambaye, abasesenguzi bavuga ko nta gikoresho na kimwe gishobora gutanga umutekano usesuye 100%. Impamvu ni uko ikoranabuhanga rikomeza gutera imbere, kandi n’abarigabisha bakomeza gushaka uburyo bushya bwo kurenga ku nzego z’umutekano.
Ariko nanone, kuba igihugu cyashoye imari ingana gutya bigaragaza ubushake bwo kurinda ubusugire bwacyo no guhangana n’iterabwoba rishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga rigezweho.
Icyerekezo cy’ejo hazaza
Mu gihe ibihugu byinshi byo muri Afurika bitangiye kwibaza ku mutekano wo mu kirere, kugura system zo kurwanya drones bishobora kuba kimwe mu by’ibanze mu ngengo y’imari y’umutekano mu myaka iri imbere.
Ku ruhande rumwe, ibi bishobora gufasha mu kurinda abaturage n’ibikorwa by’ingenzi. Ku rundi ruhande, birasaba ko hajyaho n’ingamba za politiki n’ibiganiro bigamije gushaka amahoro arambye, kuko intwaro n’ikoranabuhanga byonyine bidashobora gusimbura inzira y’ibiganiro n’ubwumvikane.
Umusozo
Kugura “Système anti-drone D4” ni intambwe ikomeye kuri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo mu rwego rwo gukaza umutekano wo mu kirere no kurinda ibikorwaremezo byayo. Ibi bigaragaza uko ibihugu by’Afurika bitangiye gufata iya mbere mu gushora imari mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo kwirinda ibitero bya drones.
Nubwo mu burasirazuba bwa Congo hakomeje ibikorwa by’imitwe yitwaje intwaro irimo na M23, icy’ingenzi ku baturage b’akarere ni uko haboneka amahoro arambye, umutekano usesuye n’iterambere rirambye. Amahoro ni yo shingiro ry’iterambere nyaryo, kandi ni yo atuma ibyagezweho birindwa kandi bikagirira akamaro abaturage bose.
Ni yo mpamvu, aho gushyira imbere intambara n’imirwano, hakenewe gushyira imbaraga mu biganiro, mu bumwe bw’akarere no mu kubaka inzego zikomeye zishinzwe umutekano zubahiriza amategeko mpuzamahanga. Iyo umutekano usesuye ubonetse, ni bwo iterambere rirambye rishobora kugerwaho kandi abaturage bakabaho mu ituze n’icyizere cy’ejo hazaza heza.
