Inama ya 25 y’Abakuru b’Ibihugu bya EAC iri kubera i Arusha: Uruhare rwayo mu guteza imbere ubucuruzi n’ubufatanye bw’akarere
Kuri uyu wa Gatandatu, mu mujyi wa Arusha muri Tanzania hari kubera Inama ya 25 isanzwe y’Abakuru b’Ibihugu na za Guverinoma bagize Umuryango wa Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (EAC). Iyi nama ihuriza hamwe abayobozi bakuru b’ibihugu bigize uyu muryango kugira ngo baganire ku ngingo zitandukanye zigamije guteza imbere ubufatanye, ubucuruzi ndetse n’iterambere ry’akarere.
Umujyi wa Arusha usanzwe ari icyicaro gikuru cya EAC, ni na wo wakiriye iyi nama ihuza abakuru b’ibihugu ndetse n’abahagarariye za guverinoma zabo. Ni inama ifite akamaro gakomeye kuko iza mu gihe akarere ka Afurika y’Iburasirazuba gakomeje gushaka uburyo bwo kongera imbaraga mu bukungu, mu bucuruzi no mu bufatanye mu nzego zitandukanye.
Abakuru b’ibihugu bamaze kugera i Arusha
Abakuru b’ibihugu n’abahagarariye za guverinoma bamaze kugera i Arusha aho biteganyijwe ko baganira ku bibazo n’amahirwe ari mu karere. Mu bitabiriye iyi nama harimo abayobozi b’ibihugu bigize EAC birimo Rwanda, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi, Sudani y’Epfo, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo ndetse na Somalia iherutse kwinjira muri uyu muryango.
Iyi nama iba buri mwaka igamije gusuzuma aho ibikorwa bya EAC bigeze, kureba imbogamizi zigaragara mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano atandukanye ndetse no gushaka ibisubizo byihuse byafasha akarere gukomeza gutera imbere.
U Rwanda muri iyi nama ruhagarariwe na Minisitiri w’Intebe, Justin Nsengiyumva, witabiriye iyi nama mu izina rya Perezida wa Repubulika, Paul Kagame. Kuba u Rwanda ruhagarariwe ku rwego rwo hejuru bigaragaza akamaro igihugu giha ubufatanye bw’akarere ndetse n’uruhare EAC igira mu iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’ibihugu biyigize.
Intego nyamukuru: Kubaka isoko rusange rifite imbaraga
Imwe mu ngingo nyamukuru iri kuganirwaho muri iyi nama ni uburyo bwo kubaka isoko ry’akarere rihuriweho rifite ubushobozi bwo gupiganwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
Isoko rusange rya EAC rifatwa nk’inzira ikomeye ishobora guteza imbere ubucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu bigize uyu muryango. Iyo isoko nk’iri rikora neza, rifasha ibihugu koroshya ubucuruzi, kugabanya imisoro ku bicuruzwa biva mu gihugu kimwe bijya mu kindi ndetse no koroshya urujya n’uruza rw’abantu n’ibicuruzwa.
Abayobozi b’ibi bihugu bagaragaza ko kubaka iri soko ari ingenzi cyane kuko rishobora gufasha abaturage barenga miliyoni 300 batuye muri aka karere kubona amahirwe mashya y’akazi, ubucuruzi n’ishoramari.
Akarere ka Afurika y’Iburasirazuba gafatwa nk’akari mu turere dufite ubukungu buri kwiyongera ku muvuduko uri hejuru muri Afurika. Nyamara nubwo bimeze bityo, haracyari imbogamizi zitandukanye zirimo inzitizi mu bucuruzi, imisoro itandukanye hagati y’ibihugu ndetse n’ibibazo by’ibikorwaremezo.
Iyi nama igamije kureba uko ibyo bibazo byakemurwa kugira ngo ubucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu bugende neza kurushaho.
EAC n’uruhare rwayo mu iterambere ry’akarere
East African Community yashinzwe hagamijwe guteza imbere ubufatanye hagati y’ibihugu byo mu karere ka Afurika y’Iburasirazuba mu nzego zirimo ubukungu, ubucuruzi, umutekano n’iterambere ry’imibereho myiza y’abaturage.
Uyu muryango watangiye mu mwaka wa 2000 ugizwe n’ibihugu bitatu ari byo Kenya, Uganda na Tanzania. Nyuma haje kwiyongeramo Rwanda na Burundi mu 2007, hakurikiraho Sudani y’Epfo mu 2016, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo mu 2022 ndetse na Somalia mu 2023.
Kwiyongera kw’ibihugu muri uyu muryango byatumye ubukungu bw’akarere bwaguka cyane, ndetse n’isoko rihuriweho rirushaho kuba rinini.
Mu myaka ishize, EAC yashyizeho gahunda zitandukanye zirimo:
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Isoko rusange (Common Market)
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Ubumwe bwa gasutamo (Customs Union)
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Gahunda yo kugera ku ifaranga rimwe mu karere
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Ubufatanye mu by’umutekano
Izi gahunda zose zigamije gutuma ibihugu byo mu karere bikorana nk’igice kimwe gifite imbaraga mu bukungu.
Inama iri kubera mu gihe akarere gahura n’ibibazo bitandukanye
Nubwo EAC igaragaza intambwe nziza imaze gutera mu bufatanye bw’akarere, haracyari ibibazo bitandukanye bigira ingaruka ku mikorere yayo.
Muri ibyo bibazo harimo amakimbirane ya politiki hagati y’ibihugu bimwe na bimwe, ibibazo by’umutekano mu bice bimwe by’akarere ndetse n’imbogamizi mu bucuruzi.
Urugero ni ikibazo cy’umutekano mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, aho imitwe yitwaje intwaro imaze igihe igaragaza ibikorwa byayo bigira ingaruka ku baturage no ku bucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka.
Iki kibazo cy’umutekano kiri mu byo abayobozi ba EAC bakunze kuganiraho mu nama nk’izi, kuko umutekano ufatwa nk’inkingi y’iterambere ry’ubukungu.
Iyo akarere gafite umutekano, ubucuruzi n’ishoramari biriyongera, bigafasha abaturage kubona amahirwe mashya y’imirimo.
Uruhare rw’u Rwanda muri EAC
Rwanda ni kimwe mu bihugu bifatwa nk’ibifite uruhare rukomeye mu guteza imbere gahunda za EAC. Kuva u Rwanda rwinjiye muri uyu muryango mu 2007, rwagiye rugaragaza ubushake bwo gushyigikira ubufatanye bw’akarere.
U Rwanda rwashyize imbaraga cyane mu guteza imbere ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka, guteza imbere ibikorwaremezo ndetse no koroshya urujya n’uruza rw’abantu n’ibicuruzwa hagati y’ibihugu.
Muri iyi nama, Minisitiri w’Intebe Justin Nsengiyumva ategerejwe gutanga ibitekerezo by’u Rwanda ku bijyanye n’iterambere ry’isoko rusange ndetse n’ubufatanye mu nzego zitandukanye.
U Rwanda kandi rushyigikira cyane gahunda yo gushyiraho ifaranga rimwe mu karere, igamije koroshya ubucuruzi no kugabanya igihombo giterwa no guhinduranya amafaranga hagati y’ibihugu.
Amahirwe ku baturage barenga miliyoni 300
Abaturage barenga miliyoni 300 batuye mu bihugu bigize EAC bashobora kungukira cyane ku bufatanye bw’akarere.
Iyo isoko rusange rikora neza, abaturage bashobora kubona amahirwe menshi yo gukora ubucuruzi, kubona akazi ndetse no kubona serivisi zitandukanye ku giciro cyiza.
Urugero, umucuruzi wo mu Rwanda ashobora kujyana ibicuruzwa bye muri Kenya cyangwa Uganda bitamugoye cyane, bitewe n’amasezerano yoroshya ubucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu.
Ibi bituma ubukungu bw’akarere bugenda bwiyongera, kandi abaturage bakarushaho kubona amahirwe yo kwiteza imbere.
Icyizere ku hazaza h’ubufatanye bw’akarere
Abasesenguzi mu by’ubukungu bagaragaza ko EAC ishobora kuba imwe mu miryango ifite amahirwe menshi yo guteza imbere ubufatanye bw’akarere muri Afurika.
Ibi bishingiye ku kuba ibihugu biyigize bifite abaturage benshi, isoko rinini ndetse n’ubushobozi bwo guteza imbere ubucuruzi n’inganda.
Iyo gahunda zitandukanye za EAC zishyizwe mu bikorwa neza, akarere ka Afurika y’Iburasirazuba gashobora kuba kamwe mu turere tw’ubukungu bukomeye ku mugabane wa Afurika.
Inama ya 25 y’Abakuru b’Ibihugu iri kubera i Arusha ni imwe mu ntambwe zigaragaza ko ibihugu byo mu karere bikomeje gushaka ibisubizo byafasha ubufatanye bwabyo kurushaho gutera imbere.
Abayobozi b’ibi bihugu bafite icyizere ko ibiganiro bizava muri iyi nama bizafasha gushimangira ubucuruzi, kongera amahirwe ku baturage no guteza imbere iterambere rirambye mu karere kose ka Afurika y’Iburasirazuba.
