URUBANZA RWATEYE UBWOBA MURI AMERIKA: Amabanga Karundura ya Julius na Ethel Rosenberg
Mu mateka y’isi, hari inkuru zagiye zisiga abantu bibaza ukuri kwazo imyaka myinshi. Muri izo nkuru harimo iy’abashakanye b’Abanyamerika, Julius Rosenberg na Ethel Rosenberg, bashinjwe gucuruza amabanga akomeye y’intwaro kirimbuzi mu gihe cy’intambara yiswe Cold War. Uru rubanza rwabaye ikimenyetso gikomeye cy’ubwoba n’ukutizerana kwari hagati ya United States na Soviet Union.
Abenshi bavuga ko bari abatasi bakoreshwaga na Leta ya Soviet, abandi bakavuga ko bashobora kuba barahohotewe n’igihe cyari cyuzuyemo ubwoba bwa politiki. Uko byagenda kose, uru rubanza rwabaye kimwe mu byabaye bikomeye mu mateka y’ubutabera bwa Amerika.
Uko Abashakanye Ba Rosenberg Batangiye Kugarukwaho
Julius Rosenberg yavukiye mu mujyi wa New York City mu 1918. Yize ibijyanye n’amashanyarazi ndetse aza kubona akazi mu gisirikare cya Amerika. Muri icyo gihe ni bwo yashinjwe gutangira gukorana n’abatasi ba Soviet Union.
Yari yarashakanye na Ethel Rosenberg, umugore wari uzwiho kugira ibitekerezo bya politiki byegereye ubusosiyalisiti. Abashinjacyaha bavugaga ko aba bombi bafashije Soviet kubona amakuru ajyanye n’umushinga w’ibanga wa Amerika w’ubushakashatsi ku ntwaro kirimbuzi witwaga Manhattan Project.
Uwo mushinga ni wo waje kuvamo ibisasu bya kirimbuzi byatewe ku Buyapani mu 1945, birimo igisasu cyatewe i Hiroshima n’icyatewe i Nagasaki.
Ibyaha Bashinjwaga
Mu 1950 ni bwo iperereza ryatangiye gukaza umurego. Abantu benshi bafashwe bakekwaho ubutasi ku nyungu za Soviet. Muri bo harimo na Klaus Fuchs, umuhanga mu bya fiziki wari ufite amakuru akomeye ku ntwaro kirimbuzi.
Amakuru yatanzwe n’abandi bakekwaho ubutasi yaje kugera kuri Julius Rosenberg. Nyuma gato, nawe yarafashwe. Icyakurikiyeho ni ugutabwa muri yombi kw’umugore we Ethel Rosenberg.
Abashinjacyaha bavugaga ko Julius ari we wari umuyobozi w’itsinda ry’abatasi ryagezaga ku Soviet amakuru y’ibanga ajyanye n’ikoranabuhanga rya kirimbuzi. Ethel we yashinjwaga gufasha umugabo we mu gutegura no kwandika ayo makuru.
Urubanza Rwakurikiranywe n’Isi Yose
Urubanza rwa Rosenberg rwatangiye mu 1951 muri New York City. Rwabaye urubanza rukomeye cyane kuko rwakurikiranywe n’itangazamakuru ryo ku isi yose.
Ubushinjacyaha bwari buyobowe na Irving Saypol ndetse bufashijwe n’umushinjacyaha ukiri muto icyo gihe witwaga Roy Cohn.
Ikintu cyateje impaka cyane ni ubuhamya bwatanzwe na muramu wa Ethel witwaga David Greenglass. Uyu mugabo yavuze ko Julius yamusabye gutanga amakuru ku mushinga wa Manhattan, kandi ko Ethel ari we wandikaga ayo makuru ku mashini.
Nyamara nyuma y’imyaka myinshi, Greenglass yaje kuvuga ko hari ibyo yahinduye mu buhamya bwe kugira ngo arinde umugore we gufungwa.
Igihano Cyateye Impaka
Mu 1951, urukiko rwahamije Julius Rosenberg na Ethel Rosenberg icyaha cyo gutatira igihugu no gutanga amabanga ku mwanzi.
Umucamanza Irving Kaufman yabakatiye igihano cy’urupfu.
Icyemezo cyateye impaka zikomeye ku isi. Abantu benshi, barimo abanyapolitiki, abanditsi ndetse n’abanyabwenge, bavugaga ko igihano cyari gikabije cyane.
Hari n’imiryango mpuzamahanga yasabaga ko icyo gihano cyahindurwa. Ariko Leta ya United States yanze kubihindura.
Ku wa 19 Kamena 1953, aba bashakanye bombi biciwe ku ntebe y’amashanyarazi muri gereza ya Sing Sing Prison iri muri leta ya New York.
Ukuri Kutavugwaho Rumwe Kugeza n’ubu
Nyuma y’imyaka myinshi uru rubanza rubaye, inyandiko z’ibanga za Leta zatangiye gushyirwa ahagaragara. Zimwe muri zo zerekanye ko bishoboka ko Julius Rosenberg yari afite aho ahuriye n’ubutasi.
Ariko ku bijyanye na Ethel Rosenberg, abashakashatsi benshi bavuga ko nta bimenyetso bikomeye byerekana ko yari mu butasi ku buryo bukomeye.
Ibi byatumye abantu benshi bavuga ko ashobora kuba yarishwe azira ibikorwa by’umugabo we cyangwa kubera politiki y’icyo gihe.
Impamvu Uru Rubanza Rwakomeje Kuvugwa mu Mateka
Urubanza rwa Rosenberg rugaragaza uburyo ubwoba bwa politiki bushobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku butabera. Mu gihe cya Cold War, Amerika yari ifite ubwoba bukomeye ko abatasi ba Soviet bashobora gutuma igihugu cyayo gitakaza ububasha mu bya gisirikare.
Ibi byatumye urubanza rwabo ruba nk’ikimenyetso cyo kuburira abandi bose bashoboraga gutekereza gucuruza amabanga ya Leta.
Nubwo imyaka irenga 70 ishize, inkuru ya Julius Rosenberg na Ethel Rosenberg iracyakomeza guteza impaka. Hari abemeza ko ubutabera bwakozwe, abandi bakavuga ko bashobora kuba barabaye ibitambo bya politiki.
