AFC/M23 Itangaje Gukuramo Ingabo 30km: Intambwe Igana ku Mahoro Cyangwa Amayeri ya Politiki muri Kivu?
Mu gihe umutekano mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo ukomeje kuba ikibazo gikomeye kimaze imyaka myinshi, umutwe wa AFC/M23 watangaje icyemezo cyo gukura ingabo zawo ku ntera ya kilometero 30 uvuye ku myanya zari zifite. Ibi byatangajwe nk’intambwe yo kubaka icyizere (confidence-building measure) igamije kugabanya umwuka mubi w’intambara mu turere twa North Kivu na South Kivu.
Icyakora, iri tangazo riherekejwe n’imbuzi ikomeye igenewe ubuyobozi bwa Kinshasa, aho AFC/M23 yavuze ko igitero cyose cyangwa kurenga ku masezerano bizahita bituma basubiza mu buryo bwihuse kandi buhwanye n’igitero bakorewe.
Ibi byateye impaka ndende mu banyapolitiki, abasesenguzi b’umutekano, ndetse n’abaturage bo muri Kivu, bibaza niba ari intambwe iganisha ku mahoro arambye cyangwa se ari amayeri y’igihe gito mu ntambara imaze igihe.
Amavu n’Amavuko y’Iyi Ntambara Muri Kivu
Intambara zo mu burasirazuba bwa Congo zimaze imyaka irenga 20, zirangwa n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro itandukanye, inyungu z’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, n’ingaruka z’amateka ya politiki mu karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari.
Uturere twa North Kivu na South Kivu twabaye indiri y’imitwe myinshi irimo:
AFC/M23
FDLR
Mai-Mai zitandukanye
RED-Tabara (ivugwaho gukorera mu bice bimwe)
ADF
Iyi mitwe ikunze kurwanira kugenzura ubutaka, ubucuruzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, ndetse n’ubutegetsi bw’akarere.
AFC/M23 yo yagarutse ku mugaragaro mu 2021, nyuma y’igihe yari yaracogoye, ifata ibice byinshi byo muri North Kivu birimo imihanda y’ingenzi n’uduce dutuwe n’abaturage benshi.
Icyemezo cyo Gukuramo Ingabo 30km Gisobanura Iki?
AFC/M23 yatangaje ko igiye gusubiza inyuma ingabo zayo ku ntera ya kilometero 30 uvuye ku myanya zari zifite. Ibi byasobanuwe nk’ikorwa:
ryo kugabanya umwuka w’intambara
gutanga amahirwe ku biganiro bya politiki
kwirinda guhura n’ingabo za leta mu buryo bw’imbona nkubone
kwerekana ubushake bwo gushaka amahoro
Ibi byafashwe nk’ikimenyetso cy’uko AFC/M23 ishobora kuba ishaka inzira ya diplomasi aho gukomeza imirwano.
Ariko nanone, iyi ntambwe irimo n’ubutumwa bukomeye: ko igitero cyose cyaturuka ku ruhande rwa Kinshasa kizahita gisubizwa.
Impamvu Zishobora Kuba Ziri Inyuma y’Iki Cyemezo
Abasesenguzi bavuga ko hari impamvu nyinshi zishobora kuba zatumye AFC/M23 ifata iki cyemezo.
1. Kwerekana ko Bashaka Ibiganiro bya Politiki
Mu bihe bishize, AFC/M23 yakunze kuvuga ko ikibazo cya Congo kidashobora gukemurwa n’amasasu gusa. Gukuramo ingabo bishobora kuba uburyo bwo guha amahirwe ibiganiro.
2. Kwirinda igitutu mpuzamahanga
Umuryango wa Umuryango w’Abibumbye n’indi miryango mpuzamahanga yakomeje gusaba ko imirwano ihagarara. Iki cyemezo gishobora kuba kigamije kugabanya igitutu.
3. Amayeri ya Gisirikare
Hari abavuga ko gukura ingabo inyuma bishobora no kuba uburyo bwo kongera gutegura imbaraga no guhindura uburyo bw’imirwano.
4. Kwerekana ko Ari Bo Bafite Icyemezo ku Rugamba
Gukuramo ingabo ku bushake bishobora kwerekana ko AFC/M23 ifite ubushobozi bwo kugenzura imirwano.
Icyitonderwa Gikomeye Bahaye Kinshasa
Nubwo AFC/M23 yatangaje iyi ntambwe, yanatanze imburi ikomeye igira iti:
igitero cyose kizahita gisubizwa
kutubahiriza iyi gahunda bizahita bituma basubira ku mirwano
ingabo zabo ziteguye gusubiza vuba
Ibi bivuze ko n’ubwo hari icyizere, amahoro atari arambye.
Abaturage ba Kivu Babyakiriye Gute?
Mu baturage bo muri North Kivu na South Kivu, hari ibyiyumvo bitandukanye:
Hari Abafite Icyizere
bavuga ko intambara ishobora guhagarara
bifuza ko ubucuruzi bwongera gufunguka
bashaka gusubira mu byabo
Hari Abakeka Amayeri
bavuga ko bishobora kuba iby’igihe gito
bafite ubwoba ko imirwano ishobora kongera kubura
bibaza niba leta izabyubahiriza
Ingaruka ku Mutekano w’Akarere
Iki cyemezo gishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye:
1. Kugabanya imirwano mu gihe gito
Gukuramo ingabo bishobora gutuma habaho ituze.
2. Kongera amahirwe y’ibiganiro
Ibiganiro bishobora kongera gutangira.
3. Kwimura abaturage
Abaturage bashobora gutangira gusubira mu byabo.
4. Guhindura imiterere y’intambara
Imirwano ishobora guhindura uburyo.
Uruhare rw’Imiryango Mpuzamahanga
Hari imiryango itandukanye iri gukurikirana ibi:
MONUSCO
East African Community
Southern African Development Community
Iyi miryango ishobora kugira uruhare mu:
kugenzura iyubahirizwa ry’iki cyemezo
gufasha ibiganiro bya politiki
kugabanya imirwano
Ese Ibi Bishobora Kuzana Amahoro Arambye?
Iki ni ikibazo gikomeye cyane.
Hari ibintu byinshi bizagena igisubizo:
niba impande zombi zizubahiriza amasezerano
niba ibiganiro bya politiki bizatangira
niba abaturage bazahabwa umutekano
niba impamvu z’intambara zizakemurwa
Niba ibi bitakozwe, imirwano ishobora kongera kubura.
Politiki ya Congo n’Iyi Ntambwe
Politiki ya Congo ifite uruhare runini:
amatora
ubutegetsi
ubuyobozi bw’akarere
imibanire n’ibihugu bituranye
Ibi byose bishobora kugira ingaruka ku cyemezo cya AFC/M23.
Icyo Abasesenguzi Batekereza
Abasesenguzi bamwe bavuga ko:
AFC/M23 ishaka kwerekana ko ishaka amahoro
bishobora kuba uburyo bwo kugabanya igitutu
bishobora kuba amayeri ya gisirikare
Abandi bavuga ko:
ari amahirwe nyayo y’amahoro
impande zombi zigomba kuyabyaza umusaruro
abaturage bakwiye gushyirwa imbere
Icyo Abaturage Bifuza Kurusha Ibindi
Abaturage ba Kivu bifuza:
amahoro
gusubira mu byabo
ubucuruzi
amashuri
ubuzima busanzwe
Ibi ni byo bizagena niba iki cyemezo kizaba ingirakamaro.
Ese Kinshasa Izabyitwaramo Gute?
Icyemezo cya Kinshasa ni cyo kizagena byinshi:
kwemera ibiganiro
guhagarika ibitero
kubahiriza amasezerano
gukorana n’imiryango mpuzamahanga
Niba ibi bitakozwe, ibintu bishobora gusubira inyuma.
Umwanzuro
Icyemezo cya AFC/M23 cyo gukura ingabo ku ntera ya kilometero 30 ni intambwe ikomeye ishobora guhindura imiterere y’intambara mu burasirazuba bwa Congo. Ni ikimenyetso cy’uko hari amahirwe mashya y’ibiganiro n’amahoro, ariko nanone kirimo imburi ikomeye ishobora gutuma ibintu bisubira inyuma vuba.
Ese ni intangiriro y’amahoro arambye? Cyangwa ni amayeri ya politiki n’igisirikare? Igihe ni cyo kizabitwereka.
Ariko ikigaragara ni uko abaturage ba North Kivu na South Kivu bakomeje kwifuza amahoro, ituze, n’ubuzima busanzwe. Niba impande zombi zizashyira imbere inyungu z’abaturage, iki cyemezo gishobora kuba intambwe ikomeye iganisha ku mahoro arambye.
Niba bitabaye ibyo, bishobora kuba indi paji nshya mu mateka maremare y’intambara itararangira.
