Ubutumwa Bukomeye bw’u Rwanda ku Bihano bya Amerika: Ese Icyemezo cya Washington Cyazana Amahoro mu Burasirazuba bwa DRC?
Mu gihe umwuka mubi ukomeje gututumba mu Burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (DRC), havutse indi ntambwe yongereye ubukana mu mvugo no mu myitwarire ya dipolomasi hagati ya Kigali na Kinshasa. Ibi byakurikiye icyemezo cya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika cyo gufatira ibihano Ingabo z’u Rwanda (RDF) ndetse na bamwe mu basirikare bakuru barimo Umugaba Mukuru wazo, Mubarakh Muganga.
Iki cyemezo cyahise gishimwa na Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga wa DRC, Thérèse Kayikwamba Wagner, wavuze ko Congo yakiranye yombi ibihano Amerika yafatiye u Rwanda. Ariko ku ruhande rw’u Rwanda, Umuvugizi wa Guverinoma, Yolande Makolo, yasohoye ubutumwa bukomeye asubiza Kayikwamba, agaragaza ko ibihano bibogamye bidashobora kuba umuti w’ibibazo biri mu Burasirazuba bwa DRC, ahubwo ko bishobora kubyenyegeza no gutiza umurindi imigambi mibi irimo no gukomeza gushyigikira umutwe wa FDLR.
Iyi nkuru irasesengura byimbitse imizi y’iki kibazo, impamvu z’ibihano, inyungu n’ingaruka zabyo, ndetse n’uko bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mutekano w’akarere kose ka Afurika yo hagati n’Afurika y’Ibiyaga Bigari.
Amavu n’Amavuko y’Ibihano bya Amerika
Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (USA) zimaze igihe zikurikiranira hafi ibibazo by’umutekano muke mu Burasirazuba bwa DRC. Aka gace kamaze imyaka irenga makumyabiri karazahajwe n’intambara, imitwe yitwaje intwaro, ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro budakurikije amategeko, n’ikorwa ry’ihohoterwa rikomeye ku baturage.
Amerika yemeje ibihano ishingiye ku byo ivuga ko ari uruhare rw’u Rwanda mu bibazo bya Congo, cyane cyane ku bijyanye no kuvugwaho gufasha umutwe wa M23. Nubwo u Rwanda rwakomeje guhakana ibi birego, Amerika yafashe icyemezo cyo gushyira igitutu kuri Kigali binyuze mu bihano by’ubukungu n’ibya dipolomasi.
Ibihano nk’ibi akenshi biba bigamije:
Gushyira igitutu ku gihugu runaka ngo gihindure imyitwarire.
Kwerekana ko amahanga adashyigikiye ibikorwa byafashwe nk’ibibangamira amahoro.
Gukumira cyangwa kugabanya inkunga yitwaje intwaro mu makimbirane.
Ariko ikibazo gikomeye ni iki: Ese koko ibihano bishobora gukemura ikibazo kimaze imyaka myinshi gifite imizi mu mateka, mu moko, mu nyungu z’ubukungu no mu mikoranire y’ibihugu byinshi?
Ubutumwa bwa Yolande Makolo: Icyo u Rwanda Rubona
Mu butumwa bwe, Yolande Makolo yavuze ko ibihano bifatirwa uruhande rumwe bidashobora kuba igisubizo kirambye. Yagaragaje ko ikibazo cyo mu Burasirazuba bwa DRC atari icy’u Rwanda gusa, ahubwo ko ari ikibazo gifite amateka akomeye kirimo uruhare rwa Leta ya Congo ubwayo.
Yavuze ko Congo ikomeje:
Gutera inkunga umutwe wa FDLR.
Gukoresha imvugo z’urwango zishingiye ku moko.
Kwirengagiza amasezerano y’ibiganiro by’akarere.
Makolo yibukije ko umutwe wa FDLR ugizwe ahanini n’abahoze mu ngabo zakoze Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, kandi ko ukomeje guteza umutekano muke ku mupaka w’u Rwanda na DRC.
Ku bwa Kigali, kutita ku kibazo cya FDLR no gushyira igitutu ku Rwanda gusa ni uburyo bwo kubogama, bushobora gutuma ikibazo gikomeza.
Thérèse Kayikwamba: Impamvu Congo Yishimiye Ibihano
Ku ruhande rwa DRC, Thérèse Kayikwamba Wagner yavuze ko ibihano bya Amerika ari intambwe ikomeye mu gushyigikira ubusugire n’ubwigenge bwa Congo. Yemeje ko igihugu cye kimaze igihe gisaba amahanga gufata ingamba zikomeye ku bihugu bivugwaho gutera inkunga imitwe yitwaje intwaro.
Kayikwamba yagaragaje ko:
Ibihano ari ikimenyetso cy’uko amahanga atangiye kumva neza ikibazo cya Congo.
Ari igitutu gishobora gutuma u Rwanda rureka ibikorwa ruvugwaho.
Bifasha DRC mu rugamba rwo kugarura umutekano mu Burasirazuba.
Ibi byerekana itandukaniro rikomeye mu isesengura ry’ibihugu byombi: aho Congo ibona ibihano nk’intsinzi ya dipolomasi, u Rwanda rwo rukabibona nk’uburyo bwo kubogama bushobora gutuma amahoro arushaho kugorana.
Ikibazo cya FDLR: Umuzi w’Impaka
U Rwanda rwakunze kugaragaza ko ikibazo cy’umutekano mu Burasirazuba bwa DRC gifitanye isano n’umutwe wa FDLR. Uyu mutwe, washinzwe n’abasize bakoze Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, ukomeje gukorera muri Congo.
Kigali ivuga ko:
FDLR igifite imigambi yo guhungabanya u Rwanda.
Iba mu nkambi no mu bice bigenzurwa na FARDC.
Ihabwa ubufasha mu buryo butaziguye cyangwa butaziguye na Leta ya Congo.
Congo yo ihakana ibyo birego, ivuga ko u Rwanda rukoresha FDLR nk’urwitwazo rwo kwivanga mu bibazo byayo.
Iki kibazo cyabaye nk’ishingiro ry’ukutumvikana gukomeye hagati y’ibihugu byombi.
Ingaruka z’Ibihano ku Mubano wa Kigali na Washington
Ibihano bya Amerika bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mubano w’u Rwanda na Washington. U Rwanda ni umwe mu bafatanyabikorwa ba Amerika mu bikorwa byo kubungabunga amahoro ku Isi, cyane cyane mu butumwa bwa Loni.
Ibihano bishobora:
Kugabanya icyizere hagati y’ibihugu byombi.
Kugira ingaruka ku bufatanye mu by’umutekano.
Gutuma u Rwanda rushaka izindi nshuti za dipolomasi mu mahanga.
Ariko nanone, bishobora kuba uburyo bwo kuganira ku buryo bushya bwo gukemura ikibazo.
Ese Ibihano Byaba Umuti?
Amateka agaragaza ko ibihano bya dipolomasi akenshi bidahita bikemura ibibazo by’intambara. Mu bihe byinshi, bishobora:
Gushyira igitutu ku butegetsi.
Ariko kandi bikangiza ubukungu bw’abaturage basanzwe.
Gukomeza gutuma impande zihanganye zishyira ku izima.
Mu kibazo cya DRC, hari ibintu byinshi bigomba kwitabwaho:
Uruhare rw’indi mitwe yitwaje intwaro irenga 100.
Inyungu z’amabuye y’agaciro.
Politiki y’imbere mu gihugu cya Congo.
Umutekano w’akarere kose.
Ibi byose bisaba ibisubizo birenze igihano kimwe.
Icyerekezo cy’Amahoro mu Karere
Abasesenguzi benshi bemeza ko:
Ibiganiro by’akarere ari byo byatanga umusaruro.
Gushyira hamwe ibihugu bigize Umuryango wa Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (EAC) n’Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe (AU) bishobora gutanga igisubizo.
Kurandura FDLR no guca burundu inkunga y’imitwe yitwaje intwaro ari ingenzi.
Kugira ngo amahoro arambye aboneke, birasaba:
Guhagarika imvugo z’urwango.
Gushyira imbere inyungu z’abaturage aho gushyira imbere politiki.
Kwigira hamwe no kubaha ubusugire bw’ibihugu.
Umusozo: Intambara y’Amagambo n’Ahazaza h’Akarere
Ubutumwa bwa Yolande Makolo busubiza Thérèse Kayikwamba Wagner bugaragaza ko ikibazo cya Congo kitari hafi gukemuka. Ibihano bya Amerika bishobora kuba intangiriro y’igitutu gishya, ariko nanone bishobora kongera ubushyamirane.
Ikibazo nyamukuru gikomeje kwibazwa ni iki: Ese amahanga azahitamo inzira y’ibihano cyangwa inzira y’ibiganiro byimbitse?
Mu gihe abaturage bo mu Burasirazuba bwa DRC bakomeje guhura n’ibibazo by’intambara, ubuhunzi n’ubukene, igisubizo kirambye kiracyategerejwe. Amahoro arambye azaboneka gusa igihe impande zose zizemera ko ikibazo atari icy’uruhande rumwe, ahubwo ko ari icy’akarere kose.
Ibi bisaba ubushishozi, ubwitonzi n’ubuyobozi bushyira imbere amahoro aho gushyira imbere inyungu za politiki z’igihe gito.
