Imirwano ikomeye mu Mujyi wa Goma: Impungenge ku mutekano w’abasivile mu gihe M23 ivugwaho kuwinjiramo
Mu gitondo cyo kuri uyu munsi, amakuru aturuka mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC) aravuga ko habaye imirwano ikomeye mu Mujyi wa Goma, umujyi ufite agaciro kanini mu bijyanye n’ubukungu n’umutekano w’Intara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru. Amakuru akomeje gukwirakwira ku mbuga nkoranyambaga aravuga ko abarwanyi b’umutwe wa M23 bashobora kuba binjiye mu bice bimwe by’uyu mujyi, ibintu byatumye haba urunturuntu n’inkundura mu baturage.
Goma ni umwe mu mijyi minini kandi ifite ubucuruzi bwinshi mu burasirazuba bwa RDC. Uherereye ku mupaka uhuza RDC n’u Rwanda, ku ruhande rw’u Rwanda hakaba Gisenyi mu Karere ka Rubavu. Ibi bituma buri gihe imirwano ibaye hafi y’uyu mujyi igira ingaruka zikomeye ku baturage bo mu mpande zombi z’umupaka.
Amakuru ku kwinjira kwa M23 muri Goma
Amakuru ataremezwa ku mugaragaro n’inzego za Leta ya RDC aravuga ko abarwanyi ba M23 bashobora kuba bageze mu nkengero cyangwa mu bice bimwe by’Umujyi wa Goma, nyuma y’imirwano yamaze amasaha menshi hagati yabo n’ingabo za Leta ya RDC (FARDC).
Ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, hagaragaye amashusho n’amajwi by’abaturage bavuga ko bumvise urusaku rw’amasasu n’ibisasu bikomeye birimo na roketi, ibintu byateye ubwoba n’ihungabana rikomeye mu batuye uwo mujyi. Hari abatangaje ko imirwano yabereye mu bice byegereye ibirindiro by’ingabo ndetse no mu duce dutuwe cyane.
Kugeza ubu, amakuru aracyakusanywa kandi biragoye kumenya ukuri kw’ibivugwa byose, cyane cyane ku mibare y’abahasize ubuzima cyangwa abakomeretse. Ariko icyizwi ni uko hari impungenge zikomeye ku mutekano w’abasivile bari hagati y’iyo mirwano.
Uruhare rwa Gen. Sultani Makenga
Mu makuru akomeje kuvugwa, izina rya Sultani Makenga, umwe mu bayobozi bakuru ba M23, ryongeye kugarukwaho. Makenga azwi nk’umwe mu bayoboye ibikorwa bya gisirikare by’uyu mutwe kuva wasubukura imirwano mu 2021.
Nubwo nta tangazo ryemewe rivuga ko Makenga ubwe ari i Goma, bamwe mu bakoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga bakomeje kumuhuza n’ibikorwa bya M23 biri kubera muri ako gace. Ibi ariko bikwiye gufatwa nk’amakuru ataremezwa, kuko mu bihe by’intambara, amakuru akwirakwira byihuse kandi akenshi adafite gihamya ihagije.
Abasivile mu kaga gakomeye
Icyakora, icyibanze kirimo guhangayikisha benshi ni umutekano w’abasivile. Mu gihe imirwano ibera mu mujyi utuwe cyane nka Goma, ubuzima bw’abaturage bushyirwa mu kaga gakomeye. Hari abavuga ko babonye amaraso mu mihanda, abandi bavuga ko hari inkomere nyinshi zijyanywe kwa muganga.
Amashyirahamwe aharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu akomeje gusaba impande ziri mu mirwano kubahiriza amategeko mpuzamahanga agenga intambara, arimo kurinda abasivile, ibitaro, amashuri n’ibindi bikorwa remezo bidafite aho bihuriye n’imirwano.
Mu bihe nk’ibi, usanga abana, abagore n’abasaza ari bo bibasirwa cyane n’ingaruka z’intambara. Abaturage benshi bahitamo guhunga, abandi bakihisha mu nzu zabo, mu nsengero cyangwa mu bigo by’amashuri, bategereje ko umutekano wongera kuboneka.
Goma: Umujyi wagiye wibasirwa kenshi
Si ubwa mbere Umujyi wa Goma ugaragaramo imirwano ikomeye. Mu 2012, umutwe wa M23 wigeze kuwufata, ibintu byateje impagarara mpuzamahanga ndetse bigashyira igitutu ku miryango mpuzamahanga n’ibihugu byo mu karere kugira ngo habeho ibiganiro by’amahoro.
Kuva icyo gihe, uburasirazuba bwa RDC bwakomeje kuba isibaniro ry’imitwe yitwaje intwaro itandukanye, iharanira inyungu za politiki, ubukungu cyangwa umutekano. Ibi byatumye abaturage bo muri ako gace babaho mu buzima bwo kutamenya ejo hazaza, bahora mu bwoba bw’uko imirwano ishobora kubura umwanya uwo ari wo wose.
Icyo inzego zisabwa gukora
Mu bihe nk’ibi, hakenerwa ko inzego za Leta n’iz’umutekano zitanga amakuru yizewe kandi ku gihe, kugira ngo hirindwe gukwirakwiza ibihuha bishobora kongera igihunga mu baturage. Ni ingenzi kandi ko habaho ubufatanye hagati y’inzego za gisirikare, iz’ubuvuzi n’imiryango itanga ubutabazi, hagamijwe gutabara abakomeretse no kurinda abasivile.
Imiryango mpuzamahanga irimo n’ingabo ziri mu butumwa bwo kubungabunga amahoro muri RDC zisabwa gukomeza gukurikirana uko ibintu byifashe, no gushyira imbaraga mu gukumira ihohoterwa rikorerwa abasivile.
Ubutumwa bwo kwirinda no gushishoza
Mu gihe amakuru menshi akomeje gukwirakwira ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, ni ngombwa ko abantu bashishoza mbere yo gusangiza abandi amakuru atizewe. Mu bihe by’intambara, amashusho n’amajwi bishobora kuba byafashwe ahandi cyangwa mu bihe bitandukanye, bigakoreshwa mu gukongeza amarangamutima.
Abaturage bari mu duce twegereye imirwano basabwa gukurikiza amabwiriza y’inzego z’umutekano, kwirinda kwegera ahari imirwano no gushaka ubuhungiro ahatekanye igihe bibaye ngombwa.
Ihurizo rikomeye ku karere
Ibi bibaye mu gihe uburasirazuba bwa RDC bukomeje kuba ihurizo rikomeye ku mutekano w’akarere k’Ibiyaga Bigari. Umutekano muke muri ako gace ugira ingaruka ku bucuruzi, ku buhahirane bwambukiranya imipaka no ku mibereho y’abaturage bo mu bihugu bihana imbibi.
Abasesenguzi benshi bagaragaza ko igisubizo kirambye kizava mu biganiro bya politiki, kubahiriza amasezerano y’amahoro no gukemura imizi y’ibibazo birimo ubuyobozi bubi, ubusumbane mu gusaranganya umutungo n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro ikomeje kwiyongera.
Umwanzuro
Mu gihe imirwano ivugwa mu Mujyi wa Goma ikomeje gutera impungenge, icy’ingenzi kurusha ibindi ni ubuzima bw’abasivile. Intambara iyo ibaye, si abarwanyi gusa bayigenderamo; abaturage basanzwe ni bo bayihomberamo cyane.
Harakenewe ituze, ibiganiro n’ubushake bwa politiki kugira ngo aka karere kabone amahoro arambye. Hagati aho, amakuru akwiye gukomeza gukurikiranwa mu buryo bwitondewe kandi bushingiye ku byemezo bitangwa n’inzego zibishinzwe.
Abatuye Goma n’inkengero zayo bakwiye gukomeza kwitwararika no gukurikiza amabwiriza y’umutekano, mu gihe amahanga n’akarere bikomeje gushakisha igisubizo kirambye cyatuma uburasirazuba bwa RDC bubona amahoro arambye.
