“Mu 2050 Umwe mu Bantu Bane ku Isi Azaba Ari Umunyafurika: Ese Afurika Yiteguye Aya Mahirwe Cyangwa Ibi Bizahinduka Ikibazo?”
Afurika iri mu gihe cy’ingenzi cyane mu mateka yayo. Mu gihe isi igenda ihura n’impinduka nyinshi mu bukungu, mu ikoranabuhanga no mu mibereho y’abaturage, umugabane wa Afurika ugaragara nk’uzagira uruhare rukomeye mu hazaza h’isi. Abayobozi batandukanye ku rwego mpuzamahanga bagenda bagaragaza ko Afurika ifite amahirwe akomeye cyane, ariko kandi ko hari n’ibibazo bishobora kuvuka niba hatabayeho ingamba zihamye.
Mu butumwa bwe, Visi Perezida wa African Export-Import Bank (Afreximbank), Haytham ElMaayergi, yagaragaje ko Africa iri mu nzira yo kuba umugabane uzaba ufite abaturage benshi cyane ku isi mu myaka iri imbere. Yavuze ko mu mwaka wa 2050, umwe mu bantu bane bazaba batuye isi azaba ari Umunyafurika.
Ibi bivuze ko Afurika izaba ifite uruhare runini mu miterere y’isi mu bukungu, mu bucuruzi ndetse no mu iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga. Ariko ElMaayergi yavuze ko aya mahirwe ashobora kuba umugisha cyangwa se ikibazo gikomeye bitewe n’uburyo Afurika izabyitwaramo.
Afurika iri mu rugendo rwo kugira abaturage benshi ku isi
Mu myaka ishize, imibare igaragaza ko umubare w’abaturage ba Afurika ukomeje kwiyongera cyane kurusha indi migabane. Mu gihe ibihugu byinshi byateye imbere byatangiye kugira ikibazo cy’abaturage bagenda basaza ndetse umubare w’abana bavuka ugenda ugabanuka, Afurika yo ikomeje kugira abaturage benshi cyane kandi bakiri bato.
Impuguke zivuga ko ibi bishobora kuba amahirwe akomeye mu bukungu, kuko abaturage benshi kandi bakiri bato bashobora kuba imbaraga zikomeye mu gukora, guhanga udushya no guteza imbere ubucuruzi.
Ariko nanone, niba aba baturage batabonye uburezi bufite ireme, amahugurwa ndetse n’akazi, bashobora kuba umutwaro ukomeye ku bukungu bw’ibihugu.
Ni muri urwo rwego Haytham ElMaayergi yagaragaje ko ari ngombwa cyane ko Afurika itangira gutekereza ku hazaza hakiri kare.
Abaturage benshi bashobora kuba umugisha
Mu by’ukuri, kugira abaturage benshi si ikibazo ku buryo bwose. Iyo igihugu gifite abaturage benshi kandi bafite ubumenyi, bishobora gutuma ubukungu bwacyo bukura vuba cyane.
Urugero rugaragara ni ibihugu byo muri Aziya nka Koreya y’Epfo cyangwa u Bushinwa, aho abaturage benshi bahindutse imbaraga mu iterambere ry’inganda, ikoranabuhanga ndetse n’ubucuruzi.
Afurika nayo ishobora kugera kuri uru rwego mu gihe habayeho:
Guteza imbere uburezi
Guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga
Guteza imbere inganda
Gushora imari mu rubyiruko
Iyo ibi byose bikorwa neza, Afurika ishobora kuba isoko rikomeye ku isi yose.
Abashoramari benshi ku isi batangiye kubona Afurika nk’ahantu hazaba hari amahirwe menshi mu myaka iri imbere.
Ikoranabuhanga nk’urutirigongo rw’iterambere
Mu butumwa bwe, Haytham ElMaayergi yavuze ko ikoranabuhanga ari cyo kizafasha Afurika guhindura abaturage benshi ikagira imbaraga aho kuba ikibazo.
Yagize ati:
“Abaturage bacu bagomba kwiga kandi bakagira ubumenyi ku ikoranabuhanga. Bitari ibyo, ibi bishobora kuzatubera ingorane.”
Uyu muyobozi asobanura ko mu gihe isi iri kugana ku bukungu bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga, Afurika nayo igomba gutegura urubyiruko rwayo kugira ngo rubashe guhangana ku isoko mpuzamahanga.
Uyu munsi, imirimo myinshi iri gukorwa n’ikoranabuhanga harimo:
Ubucuruzi bwo kuri internet
Ikoranabuhanga rya Artificial Intelligence
Ubwubatsi bw’ikoranabuhanga
Ubushakashatsi mu bumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga
Iyo Afurika idafashe iya mbere muri ibi byose, ishobora gusigara inyuma cyane.
Kubaka ibikorwaremezo bikomeye
Ikindi kibazo gikomeye Afurika igifite ni ibikorwaremezo bidahagije.
Ibintu byinshi biracyari imbogamizi mu iterambere harimo:
Internet itagera kuri bose
Amashanyarazi adahagije
Imihanda idahagije
Ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bihenze
Iyo ibi bibazo bitakemutse, biragorana ko urubyiruko rwa Afurika rwabasha gukoresha neza amahirwe y’ikoranabuhanga.
Ni yo mpamvu Haytham ElMaayergi yavuze ko ari ngombwa cyane ko Afurika ishora imari mu bikorwaremezo by’ikoranabuhanga.
Iyo internet ihari kandi ihendutse, urubyiruko rushobora gukora akazi ku isi hose ruri iwabo.
Uruhare rw’abikorera
Ikindi kintu cyagarutsweho ni uruhare rw’abikorera.
ElMaayergi yavuze ko iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ridashobora guterwa imbere na za guverinoma gusa. Abikorera bagomba kugira uruhare rukomeye.
Abikorera bashobora:
Gushora imari mu bigo by’ikoranabuhanga
Gutangiza imishinga mishya
Gutanga akazi ku rubyiruko
Guteza imbere udushya (innovation)
Iyo leta n’abikorera bakoranye neza, igihugu gishobora gutera imbere vuba cyane.
Ni yo mpamvu ibihugu byinshi biri gushyiraho politiki zorohereza abashoramari gushora imari mu ikoranabuhanga.
Uruhare rw’urubyiruko rwa Afurika
Urubyiruko rwa Afurika ni rwo ruzagena ahazaza h’uyu mugabane.
Uyu munsi, hafi 60% by’abaturage ba Afurika bari munsi y’imyaka 25. Ibi bivuze ko urubyiruko ari rwo rufite imbaraga zo guhindura Afurika.
Ariko nanone, niba uru rubyiruko rutabonye:
Uburezi bufite ireme
Amahugurwa y’imyuga
Amahirwe y’akazi
bishobora guteza ibibazo bikomeye harimo ubushomeri, ubukene ndetse n’imvururu mu bihugu.
Ni yo mpamvu abanyapolitiki, inzego z’uburezi ndetse n’abikorera bagomba gukorera hamwe kugira ngo uru rubyiruko rubone amahirwe.
Afurika ishobora kuba igicumbi cy’ubukungu bw’isi
Abasesenguzi benshi bavuga ko mu myaka 30 iri imbere, Afurika ishobora kuba imwe mu nkingi z’ubukungu bw’isi.
Impamvu ni izi:
Abaturage benshi
Isoko rinini ry’abaguzi
Umutungo kamere mwinshi
Urubyiruko rwinshi
Iyo ibi bihujwe n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga, Afurika ishobora kugira ubukungu bukomeye cyane.
Ibigo mpuzamahanga byinshi byatangiye kwagura ibikorwa byabyo muri Afurika kubera aya mahirwe.
Icyo Afurika igomba gukora ubu
Niba Afurika ishaka ko abaturage benshi bazayigirira akamaro, hari ibintu bikomeye igomba gukora guhera ubu:
1. Guteza imbere uburezi
Uburezi bugomba guhuza n’igihe, cyane cyane mu ikoranabuhanga.
2. Gushyigikira udushya
Urubyiruko rufite ibitekerezo byinshi bishya, rugomba gushyigikirwa.
3. Guteza imbere internet
Internet ihendutse kandi igera kuri bose ni ingenzi cyane.
4. Gushora imari mu rubyiruko
Urubyiruko ni rwo mbaraga z’ahazaza.
5. Gukorana n’abikorera
Leta n’abikorera bagomba gukorera hamwe mu iterambere.
Umwanzuro
Ubutumwa bwa Haytham ElMaayergi wo muri African Export-Import Bank bugaragaza ko Afurika iri mu gihe gikomeye cyo gufata ibyemezo bizagena ejo hazaza hayo.
Mu mwaka wa 2050, umwe mu bantu bane ku isi azaba ari Umunyafurika. Ibi ni amahirwe adasanzwe ku mugabane wa Afurika.
Ariko aya mahirwe ashobora guhinduka ikibazo gikomeye niba Afurika itashoye imari mu:
burezi
ikoranabuhanga
ibikorwaremezo
n’urubyiruko.
Niba ibi byitabweho neza, Afurika ishobora guhinduka imwe mu nkingi zikomeye z’iterambere ry’isi mu myaka iri imbere.
