PART1.Reincarnation (Kwongera kuvuka): Ese ni ukuri, imyizerere

Reincarnation (Kwongera kuvuka): Ese ni ukuri, imyizerere cyangwa ihame rya filozofiya?

Reincarnation ni igitekerezo kivuga ko roho cyangwa umwuka w’umuntu atarangira burundu iyo apfuye, ahubwo yongera kuvuka mu wundi mubiri. Iyi nyigisho izwi cyane mu madini yo mu Burasirazuba, ariko inaganirwaho cyane mu bumenyi, muri filozofiya no mu myemerere itandukanye ku isi. Nk’umusesenguzi ushaka amakuru yizewe, reka dusuzume inkomoko yayo, aho ishingiye, ibivugwa n’ubushakashatsi, n’uko ifatwa mu madini atandukanye.

1. Inkomoko n’amateka ya Reincarnation

Igitekerezo cyo kongera kuvuka gifite inkomoko ya kera cyane. Mu nyigisho za Hinduism, reincarnation izwi nka Samsara, aho umuntu azenguruka mu buzima bwinshi bitewe n’ibikorwa bye (Karma). Ibyiza cyangwa ibibi yakoze mu buzima bumwe bigira ingaruka ku buzima akurikiraho.

Mu nyigisho za Buddhism, igitekerezo cya Samsara nacyo kirahari, ariko ho ntibemera ko hari “roho ihoraho” nk’uko bamwe babivuga muri Hinduism; bavuga ko hari urukurikirane rw’imbaraga z’ubuzima n’imyitwarire bikomeza.

No muri Jainism, reincarnation ni ihame rikomeye cyane, aho kwizibukira ibibi no kwirinda guhohotera ibinyabuzima ari ingenzi kugira ngo umuntu atazazenguruka mu mibereho mibi.

2. Ese Reincarnation iboneka muri Bibiliya?

Mu Bukristo busanzwe, cyane cyane muri Christianity, ntibemera reincarnation. Bibiliya ivuga ko “umuntu apfa rimwe” (Abaheburayo 9:27). Ahubwo bemera izuka n’urubanza rwa nyuma.

Hari abagerageza gusobanura amagambo amwe nko kugaruka kwa Eliya cyangwa amagambo ya Jesus Christ bavuga ko Yohana Umubatiza yari “Eliya wagombaga kuza,” ariko abasesenguzi benshi ba tewolojiya bavuga ko atari reincarnation, ahubwo ari ishusho cyangwa umurage w’ubutumwa.

Mu Islam, nabwo reincarnation irahakanwa. Bemera ko umuntu apfa rimwe, agategereza umunsi w’imperuka.

3. Reincarnation mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi

Siyansi ntiremeza reincarnation nk’ukuri gufatika, ariko hari abashakashatsi bagiye bayikoraho ubushakashatsi.

Umwe mu bazwi cyane ni Ian Stevenson, wakoraga muri University of Virginia. Yakoze ubushakashatsi ku bana bavugaga ko bibuka ubuzima bwabo bwa mbere. Yanditse ibitabo byinshi, harimo n’icyitwa Twenty Cases Suggestive of Reincarnation. Yasesenguye inkuru zirenga 2,000 z’abana bo mu bihugu bitandukanye.

Nyuma ye, Jim B. Tucker yakomeje ubwo bushakashatsi. Bavugaga ko hari abana batanga amakuru arambuye ku buzima bw’umuntu wapfuye, rimwe na rimwe bagaragaza n’ibimenyetso by’imibiri (nk’ibisebe) bihura n’uko uwo muntu yapfuye.

Ariko abahanga benshi ba siyansi basaba ibimenyetso bikomeye kurushaho, bavuga ko bishobora gusobanurwa n’imitekerereze, kwibeshya, cyangwa amakuru umwana yaba yarumvise ahandi.

4. Filozofiya n’imitekerereze

Mu rwego rwa filozofiya, reincarnation igaragara nk’igisubizo ku kibazo cy’ubutabera: kuki hari abavuka mu buzima bwiza abandi mu buzima bubi? Abemera reincarnation bavuga ko ari ingaruka za Karma.

Abatabyemera bavuga ko nta kimenyetso gifatika gihari cyerekana ko roho ishobora kwimuka ikajya mu wundi mubiri. Banagaragaza ko kwibuka ubuzima bwabanje bidafite gihamya ya siyansi ihagije.

5. Ingero zivugwa cyane

Mu mateka, hari abantu bavuzweho ko bibuka ubuzima bwabo bwa mbere. Inkuru nk’iza bana bo mu Buhinde, Sri Lanka, Amerika n’ahandi zakusanyijwe mu bushakashatsi bwa Stevenson na Tucker. Gusa izi nkuru zose zisaba igenzura rikomeye kuko hari aho usanga amakuru atuzuye cyangwa atemejwe n’abashakashatsi bigenga.

6. Reincarnation n’umuco Nyarwanda

Mu muco Nyarwanda wa kera, hari imvugo zimwe zavugaga ko umwana ashobora kuba agarutse mu muryango (nk’iyo bavuga ngo “uyu mwana asa na sekuru wapfuye”). Ariko ibi ahanini byari imvugo z’umuco n’amarangamutima, si inyigisho ihamye nk’uko imeze mu madini ya Aziya.

7. Umwanzuro w’umusesenguzi

Iyo usesenguye amakuru yose:

• Mu madini amwe nka Hinduism, Buddhism na Jainism, reincarnation ni ihame ry’ingenzi.

• Mu Bukristo na Islam, irahakanwa.

• Siyansi ntirayemeza nk’ukuri, ariko hari ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bugikomeje gutera impaka.

• Filozofiya irayiganiraho nk’igisubizo ku kibazo cy’ubutabera n’ubusobanuro bw’ubuzima.

Nk’umusesenguzi ushaka amakuru yizewe, twavuga ko reincarnation ari igitekerezo gifite inkomoko ndende kandi gishyigikiwe n’imyemerere myinshi, ariko kikaba kitarahabwa gihamya ya siyansi yemewe ku rwego mpuzamahanga.