U Rwanda rwakiriye Inama ya 4 y’Umuryango wa Afurika y’Iburasirazuba, East African Community (EAC), yiga kuri Siyansi n’Ikoranabuhanga, igamije gushimangira ubufatanye bw’ibihugu bigize uyu muryango mu guteza imbere ubumenyi, udushya no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu kuzamura ubukungu n’imiyoborere. Iyi nama yitabiriwe n’Abaminisitiri bafite mu nshingano siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga, abashyiraho politiki, abashakashatsi, abarimu ba za kaminuza, abafite imishinga y’ibishya bahanze (innovators) ndetse n’abahagarariye ibigo by’ikoranabuhanga byo mu karere.
Mu minsi itatu iyi nama izamara, ibiganiro bizibanda cyane ku ruhare rw’ikoranabuhanga ry’Ubwenge Buhangano (Artificial Intelligence – AI) mu guhindura ubukungu bw’ibihugu, kunoza imitangire ya serivisi za Leta no guteza imbere inganda, ubuhinzi, ubuvuzi n’uburezi. Abitabiriye inama bemeranyije ko AI atari ikoranabuhanga ry’ejo hazaza gusa, ahubwo ari igikoresho cy’uyu munsi gishobora kwihutisha impinduka zikenewe mu karere.
Ubufatanye nk’ishingiro ry’iterambere
Mu ijambo ryo gutangiza iyi nama, abayobozi batandukanye bashimangiye ko ubufatanye ari inkingi ya mwamba mu guteza imbere siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga. Bavuze ko ibihugu bigize EAC bifite amahirwe menshi mu rubyiruko rwinshi, amasoko yagutse n’umutungo kamere, ariko ko bisaba gukorana kugira ngo ayo mahirwe abyazwe umusaruro.
Abaminisitiri baturutse muri Rwanda, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi, South Sudan, Democratic Republic of the Congo na Somalia bagaragaje ko hakenewe politiki zihuriweho, guhuza amabwiriza agenga ikoranabuhanga no gushyiraho uburyo bwo gusangira amakuru n’ubumenyi.
Bashimangiye ko mu gihe isi iri kwihuta mu ikoranabuhanga, Afurika y’Iburasirazuba idakwiye gusigara inyuma, ahubwo igomba kuba ku isonga mu gukoresha AI mu buryo bubereye abaturage bayo.
AI nk’imbarutso y’impinduka mu bukungu
Ubwenge Buhangano ni bumwe mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga bufasha imashini gukora imirimo isanzwe isaba ubwenge bwa muntu, nko gusesengura amakuru menshi, gufata ibyemezo hashingiwe ku mibare no gutanga ibisubizo byihuse. Mu biganiro byabereye muri iyi nama, hagaragajwe ko AI ishobora gufasha mu kunoza ubuhinzi binyuze mu gusesengura imihindagurikire y’ikirere, gutahura indwara z’ibihingwa no kunoza umusaruro.
Mu rwego rw’ubuvuzi, AI ishobora gufasha mu gusuzuma indwara hakiri kare, gusesengura amashusho yifashishwa mu buvuzi no gutanga amakuru yihuse ku baganga. Mu burezi, ishobora gufasha mu gutanga amasomo ajyanye n’ubushobozi bw’umunyeshuri ku giti cye, bityo bikazamura ireme ry’uburezi.
Abashakashatsi batanze ibiganiro bagaragaje ko ibihugu bya EAC bifite amahirwe yo kubaka ibisubizo bya AI bihuye n’ibibazo byabyo byihariye, aho kwishingikiriza gusa ku bikorerwa ahandi ku isi.
Imiyoborere ishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga
Iyi nama yanibanze ku ruhare rwa AI mu kunoza imiyoborere no gutanga serivisi za Leta mu buryo bwihuse kandi buboneye. Abashyiraho politiki bavuze ko gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu micungire y’imari ya Leta, mu itangwa ry’ibyangombwa no mu igenzura ry’imishinga bifasha mu kurwanya ruswa no kongera umucyo.
U Rwanda rwatanze urugero rw’uko gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu gutanga serivisi za Leta byihutishije akazi kandi bikorohereza abaturage. Abandi bitabiriye inama bagaragaje ko hakenewe gusangira ubunararibonye kugira ngo n’ibindi bihugu bigire ku byagezweho.
Gushyigikira urubyiruko n’abahanga mu guhanga udushya
Abafite imishinga y’ibishya bahanze (startups) bahawe umwanya wo kumurika ibyo bakora, berekana uko AI n’andi makoranabuhanga ashobora gukoreshwa mu gukemura ibibazo byugarije akarere. Byagaragaye ko urubyiruko rwo muri EAC rufite impano n’ibitekerezo bishya, ariko ko rukenera inkunga, amahugurwa n’isoko.
Abaminisitiri bemeranyije ko hakenewe gushyiraho ikigega cy’akarere gishobora gushyigikira imishinga y’ikoranabuhanga, ndetse no koroshya amategeko kugira ngo abahanga mu guhanga udushya babashe gukorera mu bihugu bitandukanye bya EAC nta mbogamizi.
Ibibazo n’imbogamizi bikigaragara
Nubwo amahirwe ari menshi, inama yagaragaje ko hakiri imbogamizi zirimo ibura ry’ibikorwaremezo bihagije by’ikoranabuhanga, umuriro w’amashanyarazi udahagije mu bice bimwe, ndetse n’ikinyuranyo mu bumenyi bw’ikoranabuhanga hagati y’ibihugu.
Hari kandi ikibazo cy’umutekano w’amakuru (cybersecurity) n’uburyo amakuru y’abaturage arindwa mu gihe hakoreshejwe AI. Abitabiriye inama bagaragaje ko hakenewe amategeko ahuriweho arengera ubuzima bwite bw’abaturage no gukoresha AI mu buryo bwubahiriza amahame y’uburenganzira bwa muntu.
Gushyiraho umurongo ngenderwaho w’akarere
Mu gusoza inama, hateganyijwe ko hazashyirwaho imyanzuro igamije gushyiraho umurongo ngenderwaho w’akarere mu bijyanye no gukoresha AI. Ibyo bizafasha ibihugu bya EAC gukorana mu bushakashatsi, gusangira amakuru no guteza imbere amasomo ajyanye na siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga mu mashuri na za kaminuza.
Biteganyijwe kandi ko hazashyirwaho amatsinda y’inzobere azakurikirana ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’imyanzuro yafatiwe muri iyi nama, kugira ngo bitazaba amagambo gusa ahubwo bihinduke ibikorwa bifatika.
U Rwanda nk’ihuriro ry’udushya
Kwakira iyi nama ni ikimenyetso cy’uko u Rwanda rukomeje kwiyubaka nk’ihuriro ry’inama mpuzamahanga n’udushya mu ikoranabuhanga. Mu myaka ishize, igihugu cyashyize imbaraga mu guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga no guteza imbere politiki zorohereza ishoramari muri uru rwego.
Abitabiriye inama bagaragaje ko u Rwanda rushobora kuba icyitegererezo mu karere mu bijyanye no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu miyoborere no mu bucuruzi.
Umusozo
Inama ya 4 ya EAC yiga kuri Siyansi n’Ikoranabuhanga yabereye mu Rwanda ni intambwe ikomeye mu rugendo rwo kubaka akarere gashingiye ku bumenyi n’udushya. Kwibanda ku Bwenge Buhangano (AI) nk’imbarutso y’impinduka bigaragaza ko ibihugu bya Afurika y’Iburasirazuba byifuza kujyana n’igihe no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu gukemura ibibazo byabyo.
Ubufatanye, politiki zihuriweho no gushyigikira urubyiruko bizaba ingenzi mu gutuma imyanzuro yafatiwe muri iyi nama igira umusaruro. Mu gihe akarere kazakomeza gukorera hamwe, birashoboka ko EAC izahinduka imwe mu ngero nziza muri Afurika mu gukoresha siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga mu kuzamura iterambere ribereye bose.
