Inkuru irambuye kandi isesenguye ku bijyanye no gutorerwa kuyobora Umuryango w’Abibumbye mu gihe cya 2027
Macky Sall mu rugamba rwo kuyobora Loni: Afurika yiteguye kongera ijambo ryayo ku Isi?
Uwahoze ari Perezida wa Sénégal, Macky Sall, yatanzwe nk’umukandida ku mwanya w’Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa Umuryango w’Abibumbye, umwanya uzasimburwa na António Guterres manda ye izarangira mu mpera za 2026. Biteganyijwe ko ku wa 1 Mutarama 2027 ari bwo hazatangazwa ku mugaragaro uzahabwa izi nshingano zikomeye ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
Uretse Macky Sall, abandi bamaze gutangazwa nk’abakandida barimo Michelle Bachelet, wabaye Perezida wa Chile akanayobora ishami rya Loni rishinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu, ndetse n’Umunya-Argentine Rafael Mariano Grossi, usanzwe ayobora Ikigo Mpuzamahanga gishinzwe Ingufu za Nikleyeri (IAEA).
Iri rushanwa rigiye kuba mu gihe Isi iri mu bibazo bikomeye by’umutekano, ubukungu, imihindagurikire y’ibihe n’intambara z’urudaca. Ni umwanya ukeneye ubunararibonye, diplomasi ihambaye n’ubushobozi bwo guhuza ibihugu bifite inyungu zitandukanye.
Uburyo Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa Loni atorwa
Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa Loni atorwa n’Inteko Rusange asabwe n’Inama y’Umutekano. Mu by’ukuri, ni Inama y’Umutekano ibanza kumvikanaho umukandida, cyane cyane ibihugu bitanu bihoraho bifite uburenganzira bwo gukoresha veto (Amerika, Uburusiya, Ubushinwa, u Bwongereza n’u Bufaransa). Iyo kimwe muri byo kitishimiye umukandida, bishobora guhagarika itorwa rye.
Ni yo mpamvu kuba umukandida ashyigikiwe n’ibihugu byinshi bidahagije; asabwa no kwemerwa n’ibihugu bikomeye bifite ijambo rikomeye mu miyoborere y’Isi.
Muri iki gihe, hari impaka zivuga ko hakwiye gukurikizwa ihame ryo guhererekanya imigabane (regional rotation), aho Umunyamabanga Mukuru aturuka ku mugabane utarabona uwo mwanya mu gihe kirekire. Afurika ni imwe mu migabane itarabona amahirwe menshi kuri uwo mwanya, ibintu bishobora kongera amahirwe ya Macky Sall.
Macky Sall ni muntu ki mu ruhando mpuzamahanga?
Macky Sall yayoboye Sénégal kuva mu 2012 kugeza mu 2024. Muri icyo gihe, yashyize imbere gahunda z’iterambere zirimo “Plan Sénégal Émergent” zari zigamije kuzamura ubukungu no gushora imari mu bikorwa remezo.
Ku rwego mpuzamahanga, Macky Sall yigeze kuyobora Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe (AU) nka Perezida wawo mu 2022, mu gihe cy’intambara ya Ukraine n’u Burusiya, aho yagaragaje ubushobozi mu guhuza impande zitavuga rumwe no gushakira Afurika ibisubizo ku kibazo cy’ibura ry’ibiribwa.
Yabaye kandi umwe mu bavugizi bakomeye ku kibazo cy’imihindagurikire y’ibihe, asaba ibihugu bikize gufasha Afurika mu guhangana n’ingaruka z’iyo mihindagurikire.
Abasesenguzi bavuga ko ubunararibonye bwe mu buyobozi bw’igihugu n’umugabane, hamwe n’imibanire myiza yagiranye n’ibihugu bitandukanye, bishobora kumwongerera amahirwe.
Michelle Bachelet: Umukandida ufite ubunararibonye muri politiki n’uburenganzira bwa muntu
Michelle Bachelet si mushya mu miyoborere mpuzamahanga. Yabaye Perezida wa Chile inshuro ebyiri, ndetse anayobora Ishami rya Loni rishinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu (OHCHR). Afite ubunararibonye mu kurengera uburenganzira bwa muntu no mu miyoborere ishingiye ku mahame ya demokarasi.
Kubera ko ari umugore, hari n’ababona ko igihe kigeze ngo Loni iyoborwe n’umugore, kuko kugeza ubu nta mugore urayiyobora kuva yashyirwaho mu 1945.
Gusa, ashobora guhura n’imbogamizi zishingiye ku mibanire y’ibihugu bikomeye, cyane cyane ibikunze kunengwa ku bijyanye n’uburenganzira bwa muntu, bishobora kutamushyigikira byimazeyo.
Rafael Mariano Grossi: Ubumenyi mu by’ingufu za nikleyeri
Rafael Mariano Grossi azwi cyane mu rwego rw’umutekano w’ingufu za nikleyeri. Nk’umuyobozi wa IAEA, yagize uruhare mu biganiro bikomeye bijyanye na gahunda za nikleyeri za Iran n’intambara zijyanye n’izo ngufu.
Ubunararibonye bwe mu bijyanye n’umutekano w’Isi bushobora kumugira umukandida ukomeye, cyane cyane mu gihe ibibazo bya nikleyeri bikomeje kuba ihurizo ku mutekano mpuzamahanga.
Ariko, kuba atarigeze ayobora igihugu bishobora kumugora mu gihe ibihugu bishaka umuntu ufite ubunararibonye mu buyobozi bwa politiki ku rwego rwo hejuru.
Ibibazo Umunyamabanga Mukuru mushya azahura na byo
Uzatorwa azahabwa inshingano mu gihe gikomeye cyane:
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Intambara n’umutekano – Intambara ziri kubera mu bice bitandukanye by’Isi zikeneye diplomasi n’ubuhuza.
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Imihindagurikire y’ibihe – Ibihugu bikennye bikomeje gusaba inkunga n’ubutabera bw’ikirere.
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Ubukungu n’ubusumbane – Nyuma y’ingaruka za COVID-19 n’intambara zitandukanye, ibihugu byinshi bikomeje kuzahazwa n’ubukungu buke.
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Ivugurura rya Loni – Hari abavuga ko Loni ikeneye kuvugururwa, cyane cyane Inama y’Umutekano, kugira ngo irusheho guhagararira Isi muri rusange.
Muri ibi byose, uzatorwa azasabwa kuba umuhuza, umuyobozi ufite icyerekezo, kandi ushobora kuganira n’ibihugu bikomeye atabogamye.
Amahirwe ya Afurika n’icyerekezo cya 2027
Niba Macky Sall yatorwa, byaba ari intambwe ikomeye kuri Afurika, igaragaza ko ijambo ryayo rikomeje kumvikana ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Byatanga icyizere ko ibibazo by’umugabane birimo umutekano, iterambere n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe byahabwa umwanya munini ku murongo wa Loni.
Ariko inzira iracyari ndende. Ibihugu bikomeye bizagira ijambo rikomeye mu cyemezo cya nyuma. Ibiganiro byo mu ibanga, diplomasi y’inyuma n’imishyikirano bizagena uzatsinda.
Tariki ya 1 Mutarama 2027 ni yo izagaragaza niba Afurika izaba ibonye amahirwe yo kuyobora Loni, cyangwa niba undi mukandida azaba yigaruriye uwo mwanya.
Icyo bishidikanywaho ni uko irushanwa rizaba rikomeye, kandi uzatorwa azasabwa kuyobora Isi mu gihe cy’amateka akomeye, aho amahitamo make ashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku hazaza h’Isi.
