Amabanga 21 Akomeye Ari mu Nyandiko za Kera: Ivanjiri ya Mariya, Thomas na Philip
Ubushakashatsi Bwimbitse ku Nyigisho Zimbitse z’Ubukristo bwa Mbere
Mu mateka y’Ubukristo bwa mbere hari inyandiko nyinshi zagiye zivumburwa mu kinyejana cya 19 n’icya 20 zigaragaza ko inyigisho za Yesu zagiye zisobanurwa mu buryo butandukanye. Mu nyandiko zizwi cyane harimo Gospel of Mary, Gospel of Thomas na Gospel of Philip.
Izi nyandiko ntizashyizwe mu Mavanjiri ane ari muri Bibiliya, ari yo Gospel of Matthew, Gospel of Mark, Gospel of Luke na Gospel of John, ariko zifite agaciro gakomeye mu bushakashatsi bw’amateka y’Ubukristo.
Zimwe muri zo zabonetse mu 1945 mu nyandiko zizwi nka Nag Hammadi Library, zabonetse muri Egiputa. Izi nyandiko zerekana ko hari amatsinda y’abakristo ba mbere yakurikizaga inyigisho zishingiye ku bumenyi bw’umwuka bwitwa Gnosticism.
Ubu bushakashatsi bugamije gusobanura amabanga 21 akomeye ari muri izi nyandiko, tugereranya n’ibivugwa muri Bibiliya Yera n’andi mateka ya gikristo.
1. Ubwami bw’Imana buri mu mutima w’umuntu
Mu Gospel of Thomas hari amagambo ya Yesu avuga ko ubwami bw’Imana buri mu muntu imbere.
Ibi bihura n’ibiri muri Gospel of Luke 17:21:
“Ubwami bw’Imana buri muri mwe.”
Ibi bisobanura ko ubuzima bw’umwuka butangirira imbere mu muntu mbere yo kugaragara hanze.
Urugero:
Umuntu ushobora kubaho mu mahoro no mu rukundo nubwo hari ibibazo byinshi bimukikije.
2. Kumva ukuri ni byo bizana umudendezo
Mu Gospel of John 8:32 Yesu yavuze ati:
“Muzamenya ukuri, ukuri kuzababatura.”
Mu nyandiko za gnostique, ukuri gufatwa nk’ubumenyi bwimbitse ku Mana n’umuntu.
Iyo umuntu amenye ukuri ku buzima bwe n’Imana, atangira kubaho ubuzima bufite intego.
3. Mariya Magdalene yari umwigishwa w’ingenzi
Mu Gospel of Mary, Mary Magdalene agaragara nk’umwigishwa ufite ubumenyi bwihariye.
Mu Gospel of John 20:18, ni we wabonye Yesu amaze kuzuka mbere y’abandi.
Ibi byatumye bamwe mu bahanga bamufata nk’umwe mu bayobozi b’itorero rya mbere.
4. Intambara nyinshi z’umuntu zibera mu bitekerezo
Mu nyigisho za Mariya, umwuka w’umuntu uhura n’inzitizi zitandukanye.
Izi nzitizi zirimo:
ubwoba
irari
ubujiji
ubwishongozi
Mu Epistle to the Ephesians 6:12 havuga ko intambara yacu ari iy’umwuka.
Ibi bisobanura ko intambara ikomeye ari iy’imbere mu muntu.
5. Umwuka w’umuntu ushobora kuzamuka
Mu Gospel of Mary havugwa urugendo rw’umwuka unyura mu nzitizi zitandukanye ujya ku Mana.
Ibi bishimangira igitekerezo cy’uko ubuzima bw’umwuka ari urugendo rwo kwezwa no guhinduka.
Mu Epistle to the Romans 12:2 Pawulo avuga:
“Muhinduke mushya mu mitekerereze yanyu.”
6. Abigishwa ba Yesu bagiranye impaka
Mu nyandiko ya Mariya, Peter the Apostle agaragaza kutemeranya n’ibyo Mariya yavuze.
Ariko Levi the Apostle aramushyigikira.
Ibi byerekana ko mu itorero rya mbere habayeho impaka ku busobanuro bw’inyigisho za Yesu.
7. Ubumenyi bw’umwuka burusha amategeko
Mu nyandiko za gnostique, kumenya Imana byafatwaga nk’ingenzi kurusha gukurikiza amategeko gusa.
Ibi bihura n’inyigisho za Yesu muri Gospel of Matthew 22:37:
“Ukunde Imana n’umutima wawe wose.”
8. Ubwoba ni inzitizi ikomeye
Mu nyigisho za Mariya, ubwoba ni kimwe mu bibuza umwuka kugera ku kuri.
Mu Second Epistle to Timothy 1:7 havuga:
“Imana itaduhaye umwuka w’ubwoba.”
9. Umuntu agomba kumenya uwo ari we
Mu Gospel of Thomas hari amagambo avuga ko kumenya umuntu ubwe ari inzira yo kumenya Imana.
Ibi bivuga ko umuntu agomba gusobanukirwa ubuzima bwe n’intego ye.
10. Ubwami bw’Imana si ubw’inyuma gusa
Yesu yigishije ko ubwami bw’Imana butagomba gushakirwa mu bintu by’inyuma gusa.
Ahubwo bugomba kubanza kubakwa mu mutima.
11. Urukundo ni ishingiro ry’inyigisho za Yesu
Mu Gospel of John 13:34 Yesu yavuze:
“Mukundane nk’uko nabakunze.”
Urukundo ni rwo rufatwa nk’umusingi w’ubuzima bwa gikristo.
12. Abagore bagize uruhare mu itorero rya mbere
Mu mateka ya Bibiliya harimo abagore benshi bakomeye:
Deborah
Esther
Priscilla
Ibi byerekana ko abagore bagize uruhare mu buyobozi bw’umwuka.
13. Ubuzima bw’umwuka ni urugendo
Mu nyandiko za gnostique, ubuzima bw’umwuka bugereranywa n’urugendo.
Umuntu agenda ava mu bujiji ajya mu kuri.
14. Icyaha gishobora gutsindwa n’ukuri
Yesu yigishije ko ukuri gushobora kubohora umuntu mu byaha.
Iyo umuntu amenye ukuri, ashobora guhindura ubuzima bwe.
15. Kwihana ni uguhindura imitekerereze
Ijambo “kwihana” mu Kigereki metanoia risobanura guhindura imitekerereze.
Ibi bihura n’ibiri muri Epistle to the Romans.
16. Umuntu agomba kurwanya irari
Mu nyigisho za Mariya, irari ni imwe mu mbaraga zibuza umwuka kugera ku kuri.
Mu Epistle to the Galatians Pawulo avuga ku ntambara hagati y’umubiri n’umwuka.
17. Umwuka w’umuntu urenze umubiri
Mu nyigisho za gnostique, umwuka w’umuntu ufatwa nk’igice cy’Imana.
Ibi byatumye bagira inyigisho zigaragaza ko umwuka ugomba kwigobotora ibintu by’umubiri.
18. Yesu yazanye ubutumwa bwo kubohora
Mu Gospel of John 10:10 Yesu yavuze:
“Naje kugira ngo bagire ubugingo bwinshi.”
19. Ubumenyi bugomba gusangizwa abandi
Yesu yategetse abigishwa be kujya kwamamaza ubutumwa.
Mu Gospel of Matthew 28:19 havuga:
“Nimugende muhindure amahanga yose abigishwa.”
20. Ukwizera kugomba kujyana n’ubwenge
Abanditsi ba gnostique bavugaga ko ukwizera kudaherekejwe n’ubumenyi bushobora kuba kudakomeye.
21. Ubutumwa bwa Yesu bwari bugamije guhindura isi
Yesu ntiyigishije gusa inyigisho z’idini, ahubwo yashakaga guhindura ubuzima bw’abantu.
Iyo abantu bahindutse imbere, n’isi irahinduka.
Umusozo
Inyandiko nka Gospel of Mary, Gospel of Thomas na Gospel of Philip zifasha abashakashatsi gusobanukirwa uburyo abakristo ba mbere batekerezaga ku nyigisho za Yesu.
Nubwo zitashyizwe muri Bibiliya yemewe n’amadini menshi, zitanga amakuru y’ingenzi ku mateka y’Ubukristo n’inyigisho z’umwuka.
Ku munyamakuru cyangwa umwanditsi, izi nyandiko zishobora kuba isoko rikomeye ry’ubushakashatsi ku mateka n’inyigisho z’Ubukristo bwa mbere.
Inkuru tuzakurikizaho ni ubushakashatsi BYIMBITSE neza kubuzima bwa Mary Magdalene, amabanga yavuzwe ko Yesu yamwigishije mu ibanga, n’icyatumye itorero rya mbere rimutinya cyane kurusha abandi bigishwa.
