Mu minsi ishize, amagambo yavuzwe n’Patrick Muyaya, Umuvugizi wa Guverinoma ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, yateje impaka zikomeye mu karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari. Yatangaje ko mu gihugu cyabo hatavugwa Ikinyarwanda, ahubwo ko havugwa ururimi rwitwa “Igihutu.” Aya magambo yahise asubizwa na Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga w’u Rwanda, Olivier Nduhungirehe, wavuze ko ayo magambo agamije kwerekana ko Abanye-Congo b’Abatutsi bavuga Ikinyarwanda ari abanyamahanga.
Iyi nkuru ifite uburemere bukomeye kuko ikora ku ngingo z’amateka, indangamuntu, politiki n’umutekano w’akarere. Kugira ngo uyisoma asobanukirwe neza, ni ngombwa gusesengura aya magambo mu byiciro bitandukanye: amateka y’indimi muri RDC, aho ikibazo cy’Abanye-Congo bavuga Ikinyarwanda gishingiye, politiki iri inyuma y’aya magambo, n’ingaruka bishobora kugira ku baturage no ku mubano w’ibihugu.
1. Amateka y’Ikinyarwanda muri RDC
Mu burasirazuba bwa RDC, cyane cyane mu Ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru n’iy’Amajyepfo, Ikinyarwanda kimaze imyaka myinshi kivugwa n’abaturage bahatuye. Hari amatsinda atandukanye arimo Abahutu, Abatutsi n’Abatwa bavuga Ikinyarwanda. Bamwe muri bo ni abimukira baje mu gihe cy’ubukoloni bw’Ababiligi, abandi bakaba bari bahatuye mbere y’uko imipaka y’ibihugu igabanywa mu buryo tuzi ubu.
Ni ingenzi kumva ko imipaka y’u Rwanda na Congo yashyizweho n’abakoloni, itari ishingiye ku gutandukanya amoko cyangwa indimi, ahubwo ku nyungu za politiki n’ubucuruzi. Bityo, hari abaturage benshi basanze bari mu gihugu kitari icyo bari basanzwe babarizwamo mu buryo bw’umuco.
Kubw’iyo mpamvu, kuvuga ko Ikinyarwanda kitavugwa muri RDC biragoye kubyemera mu rwego rw’ukuri kw’amateka. Mu by’ukuri, ni rumwe mu ndimi zivugwa cyane mu burasirazuba bw’icyo gihugu.
2. “Igihutu” ni iki?
Ijambo “Igihutu” nk’ururimi rwigenga ntirizwi mu bushakashatsi bw’indimi. Mu bumenyi bw’indimi (linguistics), Ikinyarwanda ni ururimi rumwe ruvugwa n’Abanyarwanda bose, yaba Abahutu, Abatutsi cyangwa Abatwa. Nta ndimi zitandukanye zishingiye ku bwoko bw’uyivuga.
Kuvuga ko hari ururimi rwitwa “Igihutu” bishobora gusobanurwa mu buryo bubiri:
Kuba ari imvugo ya politiki igamije gutandukanya abaturage hashingiwe ku bwoko.
Cyangwa kuba ari uburyo bwo kuvuga ko hari imvugo zifite itandukaniro rito (dialects), ariko atari ururimi rushya.
Abasesenguzi benshi babona ko gukoresha iri jambo mu rwego rwa politiki bishobora kuba bigamije gutandukanya Abahutu n’Abatutsi mu burasirazuba bwa Congo, no gushyira Abatutsi mu mwanya w’abanyamahanga.
3. Ikibazo cy’Abanye-Congo b’Abatutsi
Ikibazo cy’Abatutsi bavuga Ikinyarwanda muri RDC kimaze imyaka myinshi kivugwa mu rwego rwa politiki n’umutekano. Mu bihe bitandukanye, bamwe bagiye bashinjwa kuba “Abanyarwanda” nubwo bafite ubwenegihugu bwa Congo.
Aya magambo ya Patrick Muyaya ashobora gufatwa nk’afite intego yo gukomeza iyo mvugo ivuga ko Abatutsi bavuga Ikinyarwanda atari Abanye-Congo byuzuye. Niyo mpamvu Minisitiri Olivier Nduhungirehe yahise ayamagana, agaragaza ko ari amagambo ashobora guteza urwango no guheza bamwe mu baturage.
Ibi byongera gukomeretsa amateka mabi y’akarere, aho mu bihe byashize imvugo zisa nk’izi zakoreshejwe mu guheza no gutoteza abaturage hashingiwe ku bwoko cyangwa inkomoko.
4. Politiki iri inyuma y’aya magambo
Mu gihe RDC ihanganye n’ibibazo by’umutekano mu burasirazuba, cyane cyane ibijyanye n’umutwe wa M23, ikibazo cy’inkomoko y’abaturage bavuga Ikinyarwanda gihora kigaruka. Hari ababona ko aya magambo ashobora kuba agamije gushimangira igitekerezo cy’uko ibibazo by’umutekano bifitanye isano n’“abanyamahanga.”
Iyo politiki ishobora kugira inyungu mu rwego rwo gukangurira abaturage gushyigikira leta, ariko ishobora no guteza ingaruka mbi zirimo:
Gucamo ibice abaturage.
Guteza urwango rushingiye ku ndimi cyangwa ku moko.
Kongera umwuka mubi hagati y’u Rwanda na RDC.
5. Ingaruka ku mubano w’ibihugu
U Rwanda na RDC bisanzwe bifite umubano ugoye, cyane cyane ku bijyanye n’umutekano mu burasirazuba bwa Congo. Amagambo nk’aya ashobora kongera umwuka mubi, kuko afatwa nk’ashinja u Rwanda cyangwa abaturage bavuga Ikinyarwanda kuba inyuma y’ibibazo by’imbere mu gihugu cya Congo.
Mu rwego rwa dipolomasi, amagambo y’abayobozi akomeye ashobora kugira ingaruka ku biganiro biri hagati y’ibihugu byombi, ndetse no ku muryango mpuzamahanga ugerageza kunga ibi bihugu.
6. Uruhare rw’indimi mu kubaka cyangwa gusenya igihugu
Ururimi ni igice cy’ingenzi cy’indangamuntu. Iyo ururimi ruvuzwe mu buryo burimo ivangura, bishobora gutuma abaruvuga bumva bahejwe cyangwa batizewe nk’abaturage b’igihugu.
Mu bihugu byinshi bya Afurika, hari indimi zambuka imipaka. Icyo biba bisaba ni kubakira ku kuri kw’amateka no kwemera ko indimi zitandukanye zishobora kubaho mu gihugu kimwe, bidakuraho ubwenegihugu bw’abazivuga.
7. Isesengura rusange
Iyo usesenguye aya magambo mu buryo bwimbitse, ubona ko ikibazo atari indimi gusa, ahubwo ari politiki n’indangamuntu. Kuvuga ko Ikinyarwanda kitavugwa muri RDC, ahubwo ko havugwa “Igihutu,” bishobora gufatwa nk’igerageza ryo guhindura imyumvire y’abaturage ku bijyanye n’inkomoko y’Abanye-Congo bamwe.
Ku rundi ruhande, igisubizo cya Olivier Nduhungirehe cyerekana ko u Rwanda rubifata nk’ikibazo gikomeye gishobora kugira ingaruka ku baturage bavuga Ikinyarwanda muri Congo.
8. Umwanzuro
Iyi nkuru irenze kuba amagambo y’abayobozi babiri. Ikora ku mutima w’ikibazo kimaze imyaka myinshi mu karere: indangamuntu, amateka, n’uburenganzira bw’abaturage.
Kugira ngo amahoro arambye aboneke mu burasirazuba bwa Congo no mu karere kose, ni ngombwa ko abayobozi bakoresha amagambo yubaka aho gusenya. Guhakana ko ururimi ruvugwa n’abaturage rubaho bishobora guteza umwuka mubi no kongera ibibazo aho kubikemura.
Abaturage bo mu karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari bakeneye ubutumwa bubahuza, bububakira ku kuri kw’amateka no ku bwubahane, aho kuba imvugo zibacamo ibice. Iyo politiki yubakiye ku kwemera ko abantu batandukanye bashobora kubana mu gihugu kimwe, niyo ishobora gutanga icyizere cy’amahoro arambye.
