Abakuru b’Ibihugu bigize Umuryango wa Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (EAC) bagiye guhurira mu Nama Isanzwe ya 25 izabera i Arusha muri Tanzania ku wa 7 Werurwe 2026. Iyi nama ibaye mu gihe Akarere ka Afurika y’Iburasirazuba gakomeje kwaguka no kongera ubufatanye mu nzego zitandukanye zirimo ubucuruzi, umutekano, ubwikorezi, ikoranabuhanga n’imiyoborere.
Inama z’Abakuru b’Ibihugu ni zo rwego rwo hejuru rufata ibyemezo bikomeye mu muryango wa EAC. Ni zo zishyiraho umurongo mugari w’aho Akarere kerekeza, zigatanga umurongo ku zindi nzego zirimo Inama y’Abaminisitiri n’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’Umuryango. Kuba iyi nama ari iya 25, bigaragaza intambwe ndende EAC imaze gutera kuva yashyirwaho mu buryo bushya mu 2000, igamije kongera kunga ubumwe n’ubufatanye bw’ibihugu byo mu karere.
Insanganyamatsiko y’iyi nama igaruka ku kunoza ingamba zo kwihuza kw’ibihugu hagamijwe imibereho myiza y’abaturage. Ibi bivuze ko icyerekezo kitari ku mibare y’ubukungu gusa, ahubwo no ku mibereho rusange, amahirwe y’urubyiruko, ubwisanzure mu kugenda no gukora, n’iterambere rirambye.
2. Amavu n’amavuko ya EAC n’intambwe imaze gutera
EAC igizwe n’ibihugu birimo u Rwanda, u Burundi, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Sudani y’Epfo, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo na Somalia. Intego nyamukuru yayo ni ugushimangira ubufatanye mu bukungu, politiki n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage b’akarere.
Mu myaka ishize, EAC yashyizeho intambwe eshatu z’ingenzi mu kwihuza:
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Isoko rusange (Common Market) ryemerera abaturage kugenda, gukora no gushora imari mu bindi bihugu by’umuryango.
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Ihuriro rya gasutamo (Customs Union) rigamije gukuraho imisoro hagati y’ibihugu bigize umuryango.
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Gahunda yo kugera ku Ihuriro ry’Ifaranga rimwe (Monetary Union), nubwo ikiri mu nzira ndende.
Izi ntambwe zose zishingiye ku ntego yo kubaka akarere gafite isoko rinini, rishobora guhangana ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Ariko nubwo hari ibyagezweho, haracyari imbogamizi zirimo kudahuza amategeko, inzitizi zitari iz’imisoro (non-tariff barriers), n’ibibazo bya politiki hagati y’ibihugu.
Ni muri urwo rwego, Inama ya 25 igamije gusuzuma aho gahunda zigeze no gutanga icyerekezo gishya kirushijeho guhamya ubufatanye.
3. Gushyiraho gasutamo imwe mu Karere: Intambwe ikomeye mu bukungu
Mu biteganyijwe gukorerwa muri iyi nama harimo gushyiraho gasutamo imwe mu Karere. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane kuko bizafasha gukuraho inzitizi ku bucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu.
Gasutamo imwe isobanuye ko ibicuruzwa byinjiye mu gihugu kimwe cya EAC bishobora kujyanwa mu kindi bidongeye gusoresha cyangwa gusuzumwa inshuro nyinshi. Ibi bizagabanya igiciro cy’ibicuruzwa, byihutishe ubwikorezi kandi byongere ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka.
Ku Rwanda, kuba ari igihugu kidakora ku nyanja, gasutamo imwe ifite akamaro kanini kuko igabanya ibiciro by’ubwikorezi n’ibicuruzwa bituruka ku byambu bya Mombasa cyangwa Dar es Salaam. Ibi bishobora kongera ubushobozi bw’inganda zo mu gihugu no kongera ishoramari.
Ariko kandi, gushyiraho gasutamo imwe bisaba ubufatanye buhamye mu guhuza amategeko, sisitemu z’ikoranabuhanga n’imisoro. Niba bidakozwe neza, bishobora guteza icyuho mu misoro cyangwa kudahuza imikorere hagati y’ibihugu.
4. Gushyiraho Umunyamabanga Mukuru Mushya n’abayobozi bakuru
Inama ya 25 izanasuzuma ishyirwaho ry’Umunyamabanga Mukuru Mushya wa EAC n’abamwungirije. Umunyamabanga Mukuru ni we muyobozi w’ubuyobozi bwa buri munsi bw’umuryango, ashinzwe gukurikirana ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ibyemezo byafashwe.
Uyu mwanya ni ingenzi cyane kuko ugaragaza icyerekezo EAC ishaka. Umuntu uzatoranywa azasabwa kugira ubushobozi mu miyoborere, ubunararibonye mu bufatanye mpuzamahanga no gusigasira inyungu z’akarere muri rusange.
Byongeye kandi, hazashyirwaho n’abacamanza mu rukiko rwa Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’Umuryango wa Afurika y’Iburasirazuba (EALA). Iyi nteko ifite uruhare mu gushyiraho amategeko agenga umuryango no kugenzura ibikorwa byawo. Gushyiraho abayobozi bashya bishobora kuzana imbaraga nshya n’icyerekezo gishya mu mikorere ya EAC.
5. Ingaruka z’iyi nama ku baturage b’Akarere
Insanganyamatsiko y’iyi nama yibanda ku mibereho myiza y’abaturage. Ibi bivuze ko ibyemezo bizafatwa bigomba kugira ingaruka zifatika ku buzima bwa buri munsi bw’umuturage.
Mu gihe gasutamo imwe yashyirwa mu bikorwa neza, abaturage bashobora kubona ibicuruzwa ku giciro gito, abacuruzi bato bagahabwa amahirwe yo kwagura ibikorwa byabo, urubyiruko rukabona amahirwe menshi yo gukora mu bindi bihugu.
Ku rundi ruhande, gushyiraho abayobozi bashya bashoboye bishobora kongera imbaraga mu gushyira mu bikorwa imishinga y’akarere irimo imihanda ihuza ibihugu, imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi n’imiyoboro ya gari ya moshi.
Ariko kandi, abasesenguzi bagaragaza ko kugira ngo ibi bigerweho, hakenewe gukurikirana neza ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ibyemezo. EAC yakunze gufata imyanzuro myiza, ariko rimwe na rimwe igatinza kuyishyira mu bikorwa kubera inyungu za politiki cyangwa ibibazo by’ingengo y’imari.
6. Umwanzuro: Icyizere n’ibizagerwaho
Inama Isanzwe ya 25 y’Abakuru b’Ibihugu bya EAC izabera i Arusha ni intambwe ikomeye mu rugendo rwo kwihuza kw’Akarere ka Afurika y’Iburasirazuba. Gushyiraho gasutamo imwe, abayobozi bashya n’abacamanza, ni ibyemezo bishobora gutanga icyerekezo gishya.
Icyakora, intsinzi y’iyi nama izapimwa n’uko ibyemezo bizashyirwa mu bikorwa, atari amagambo gusa. Abaturage b’akarere bategereje ibisubizo bifatika ku bibazo by’ubushomeri, ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa, n’iterambere rirambye.
Niba abayobozi bazafata ibyemezo bihamye kandi bakabishyira mu bikorwa ku bufatanye, EAC ishobora kuba urugero rwiza rw’ubufatanye bw’akarere muri Afurika. Iyi nama rero si igikorwa cya politiki gusa, ahubwo ni amahirwe yo kongera gushimangira icyizere cy’abaturage mu muryango wabo no kubaka ejo hazaza harambye
