Ihuriro ry’Ibihugu (ICG) ryagaragaje impungenge ku bibangamira amasezerano y’amahoro mu Burasirazuba bwa DRC
Ihuriro ry’Ibihugu bishaka umuti ku mahoro arambye mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari, rizwi nka International Contact Group for the Great Lakes (ICG), ryagaragaje impungenge zikomeye ku bikorwa bikomeje kubangamira ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano agamije kugarura amahoro mu Burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (DRC). Iri huriro ryavuze ko ibikorwa bya gisirikare bikomeje kuhiyongera bishobora gusubiza inyuma intambwe zari zimaze guterwa mu biganiro by’amahoro.
Ibi byatangajwe mu itangazo rya ICG ryasohotse mu minsi ishize, aho ryagaragaje ko rihangayikishijwe n’ikorwa ry’ibitero birimo ikoreshwa rya drones za gisirikare mu mirwano iri kubera mu Burasirazuba bwa DRC. ICG yavuze ko ikoreshwa ry’izo drones rifite ingaruka ku baturage b’abasivili batuye muri ako karere, cyane cyane ko akenshi ibikorwa bya gisirikare bibera hafi y’aho abaturage batuye.
Iri huriro ryasabye impande zirebwa n’iki kibazo, zirimo Leta ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo n’umutwe wa M23, guhagarika ibikorwa byose by’ubushotoranyi no gusubira ku meza y’ibiganiro. ICG yibukije ko inzira y’ibiganiro ari yo yonyine ishobora gutanga umuti urambye ku bibazo by’umutekano bimaze imyaka myinshi byugarije ako karere.
Amasezerano ya Washington na Doha
ICG yagaragaje ko ibikorwa bya gisirikare byiyongera bishobora kubangamira amasezerano y’amahoro yari amaze kugerwaho mu biganiro byabereye i Washington no muri Qatar mu mujyi wa Doha. Aya masezerano yari agamije gushyiraho agahenge hagati y’impande zishyamiranye kugira ngo habeho umwanya uhagije wo kuganira ku buryo bwimbitse ku mpamvu zishingiyeho amakimbirane.
Mu masezerano y’i Washington n’aya Doha, impande zombi zari zarumvikanye ku ngingo zirimo kugabanya imirwano, kurinda abaturage b’abasivili, ndetse no gushyiraho uburyo bwo gukomeza ibiganiro by’amahoro. Ariko ICG ivuga ko ibikorwa bya gisirikare byongeye kubura byerekana ko hari impungenge ko ayo masezerano ashobora kudakomeza kubahirizwa.
ICG yavuze ko gukomeza ibikorwa by’ubushotoranyi bishobora gutuma icyizere cyari kimaze kubakwa hagati y’impande zombi cyangirika. Ibi bishobora no gutuma ibiganiro byari biteganyijwe mu rwego rwo gushaka amahoro birushaho kugorana.
Impungenge ku ikoreshwa rya drones
Kimwe mu byagarutsweho cyane na ICG ni ikoreshwa rya drones za gisirikare mu mirwano. Iri huriro rivuga ko nubwo drones zikoreshwa mu bikorwa bya gisirikare hirya no hino ku isi, mu Burasirazuba bwa DRC zishobora guteza ibibazo bikomeye ku baturage.
ICG yagaragaje ko ibitero bya drones bishobora kwibasira abaturage b’abasivili ku buryo butateganyijwe, cyane cyane mu gihe amakuru y’ubutasi aba atizewe neza cyangwa mu gihe ibikorwa bya gisirikare bibera mu duce dutuwe n’abaturage benshi.
Iri huriro ryasabye ko ikoreshwa ry’izo drones ryitonderwa cyane kandi ko impande zishyamiranye zigomba gushyira imbere kurinda ubuzima bw’abaturage b’abasivili. ICG ivuga ko kurinda abasivili ari imwe mu nshingano zikomeye z’impande zose zifite uruhare mu makimbirane.
Ibiganiro nk’inzira yonyine y’amahoro
Mu itangazo ryayo, ICG yashimangiye ko ikibazo cy’umutekano muke mu Burasirazuba bwa DRC kidashobora gukemuka binyuze mu ntambara. Ahubwo yavuze ko inzira y’ibiganiro ari yo ishobora gutanga umusaruro urambye.
ICG yagaragaje ko amateka y’akarere k’Ibiyaga Bigari agaragaza ko intambara zagiye zibaho mu bihe bitandukanye zitigeze zitanga umuti urambye ku bibazo by’umutekano. Ahubwo akenshi zagiye zongera ubukana bw’amakimbirane ndetse zikagira ingaruka zikomeye ku baturage.
Iri huriro ryasabye impande zose kugira ubushake bwa politiki bwo kuganira no gushaka ibisubizo byubakiye ku bwumvikane. ICG ivuga ko ibiganiro bishobora gutuma impande zishyamiranye zumvikana ku bibazo by’ibanze bitera amakimbirane.
Imiterere y’ikibazo cya M23
Umutwe wa M23 umaze imyaka myinshi ugaragara mu bibazo by’umutekano mu Burasirazuba bwa DRC. Uyu mutwe wavutse mu 2012 nyuma y’uko bamwe mu barwanyi bavuye mu gisirikare cya Congo bavuga ko amasezerano yari yarasinywe mbere atubahirijwe.
Kuva icyo gihe, M23 yakomeje kugaragara mu mirwano itandukanye mu ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru. Mu bihe bitandukanye habayeho agahenge ndetse n’ibiganiro by’amahoro, ariko amakimbirane yongeye kubura inshuro nyinshi.
Ibikorwa by’uyu mutwe byatumye abantu ibihumbi n’ibihumbi bava mu byabo bahungira mu bindi bice cyangwa mu bihugu by’abaturanyi. Ibi byateje ikibazo gikomeye cy’ubuhunzi ndetse n’ikibazo cy’ubutabazi bwihutirwa ku baturage bugarijwe n’intambara.
Ingaruka ku baturage
Kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye bituruka ku makimbirane mu Burasirazuba bwa DRC ni ingaruka zigera ku baturage b’abasivili. ICG yavuze ko abaturage ari bo bakomeje guhura n’ingaruka zikomeye z’intambara, zirimo guhunga, kubura ibiribwa, ndetse no kubura serivisi z’ibanze nk’ubuvuzi n’uburezi.
Mu duce twinshi tw’Intara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru, abaturage bagiye bava mu byabo inshuro nyinshi kubera imirwano. Ibi bituma ubuzima bwabo burushaho kugorana kuko akenshi basigara badafite aho kuba, ibiribwa cyangwa uburyo bwo kwitunga.
Imiryango mpuzamahanga itanga ubutabazi ivuga ko umubare w’abaturage bakeneye ubufasha mu Burasirazuba bwa DRC ukomeje kwiyongera. Ibi biterwa ahanini n’uko imirwano ituma ibikorwa by’ubuhinzi n’ubucuruzi bihagarara.
Uruhare rw’umuryango mpuzamahanga
ICG igizwe n’ibihugu n’imiryango mpuzamahanga ifite inyungu mu kugarura amahoro mu karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari. Iri huriro rifasha mu gukurikirana ibibazo by’umutekano ndetse no gushyigikira ibiganiro by’amahoro hagati y’impande zishyamiranye.
Mu itangazo ryayo, ICG yavuze ko umuryango mpuzamahanga ugomba gukomeza gushyigikira inzira y’ibiganiro no gufasha mu gushyiraho uburyo bwo gukurikirana ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano y’amahoro.
Iri huriro ryagaragaje ko ubufatanye bw’ibihugu byo mu karere n’abafatanyabikorwa mpuzamahanga ari ingenzi mu gushaka umuti urambye ku bibazo by’umutekano mu Burasirazuba bwa DRC.
Gahunda yo gukomeza ibiganiro
ICG yasabye ko ibiganiro byari byaratangiye bikomeza nta nkomyi. Iri huriro ryavuze ko ari ngombwa ko impande zombi zishyira ku ruhande ibikorwa bya gisirikare zigashyira imbaraga mu biganiro by’amahoro.
Ibi biganiro bishobora kwibanda ku bibazo by’ibanze birimo umutekano w’abaturage, imicungire y’imitungo kamere, ndetse n’uburyo bwo kubaka icyizere hagati y’impande zishyamiranye.
ICG ivuga ko iyo impande zombi zigaragaje ubushake bwo kuganira, bishobora gutuma haboneka ibisubizo byafasha mu kugarura amahoro arambye mu karere.
Umwanzuro
Muri rusange, ICG igaragaza ko ikibazo cy’umutekano mu Burasirazuba bwa DRC gikomeje guteza impungenge ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Iri huriro ryibutsa ko ibikorwa bya gisirikare bishobora kurushaho gukaza umurego w’amakimbirane, bityo ko inzira y’ibiganiro ari yo igomba gushyirwa imbere.
ICG isaba impande zose bireba guhagarika ibikorwa by’ubushotoranyi no kubahiriza amasezerano yari amaze kugerwaho mu biganiro byabereye i Washington no muri Doha. Ibi byafasha mu kubaka icyizere hagati y’impande zishyamiranye no gutuma ibiganiro by’amahoro bikomeza.
Mu gihe akarere k’Ibiyaga Bigari kagihanganye n’ibibazo by’umutekano bimaze igihe kinini, umuryango mpuzamahanga ukomeje kugaragaza ko amahoro arambye ashobora kugerwaho ari uko impande zose zishyize imbere ibiganiro n’ubwumvikane aho kwifashisha intambara.
