Impaka ku magambo ya Gen. Prime Niyongabo nyuma y’ifatwa rya Uvira na AFC/M23: Ukuri ni ukuhe?
Mu minsi ishize, hakomeje gukwirakwira amagambo akomeye ku mbuga nkoranyambaga no mu biganiro bya politiki byo mu karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari, aho bamwe mu bakurikiranira hafi ibibera mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo bashinje ubuyobozi bw’ingabo z’u Burundi kubeshya ku bijyanye n’impamvu batarwanye ubwo umutwe wa AFC/M23 wafataga umujyi wa Uvira.
Mu magambo yakwirakwijwe, humvikanamo kunenga cyane Prime Niyongabo, wahoze ari Umugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo z’u Burundi, aho bamwe bavuga ko yatangaje ko kutarwanya AFC/M23 byatewe no kubahiriza amasezerano yari amaze gusinywa i Washington. Ibi byateye impaka ndende, aho hari abavuga ko ari ukwihagararaho kwa gisirikare, abandi bakabibona nk’ubusobanuro budahagije ku byabaye.
Ifatwa rya Uvira ryazamuye impagarara
Umujyi wa Uvira ni umwe mu mijyi y’ingenzi mu Ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyepfo muri Democratic Republic of the Congo. Kuba wafatwa n’umutwe wa AFC/M23 byahise bitera impungenge mu karere, cyane cyane ku mipaka ihuza Congo n’u Burundi.
M23, umutwe w’inyeshyamba umaze imyaka uvugwa mu burasirazuba bwa Congo, wongeye kugaragara ufite imbaraga mu mezi ashize. Ifatwa rya Uvira ryabonwe nk’ikorwa rikomeye mu mugambi wawo wo kwagura ibice ugenzura.
Abaturage bo mu bice byegeranye n’umupaka w’u Burundi batangiye kugaragaza impungenge z’umutekano, bamwe bahitamo kwimuka by’agateganyo mu rwego rwo kwirinda ingaruka z’imirwano.
Amasezerano ya Washington ni ayahe?
Hari amakuru avuga ko mu gihe Uvira yafatwaga, hari amasezerano yari amaze gushyirwaho umukono i Washington hagati y’impande zimwe zirebwa n’iki kibazo. Nubwo ibisobanuro birambuye ku bikubiye muri ayo masezerano bitaratangazwa ku mugaragaro ku rwego rwagutse, bivugwa ko yari agamije kugabanya imirwano no gushaka inzira y’ibiganiro.
Bamwe mu bashyigikiye imvugo ya Gen. Prime Niyongabo bavuga ko icyemezo cyo kudahita barwanya cyari kigamije kwirinda gusenya ayo masezerano no kongera gukongeza intambara mu karere.
Ariko ku rundi ruhande, hari abavuga ko ayo masezerano atagombaga kuba impamvu yo kureka umujyi w’ingenzi ugafatwa n’umutwe witwaje intwaro, cyane cyane mu gihe hari impungenge ku mutekano w’abaturage.
“Intare za Salambwe” ni iki?
Mu butumwa bwakwirakwijwe, humvikanamo intero ivuga “INTARE za SALAMBWE zibasumbya ingufu.” Iyi mvugo ikoreshwa nk’igereranya rigaragaza ko ingabo za AFC/M23 zifite imbaraga zisumba iz’abazirwanya muri ako gace.
Salambwe ni agace kavugwa cyane mu bikorwa bya gisirikare byo mu burasirazuba bwa Congo, aho habaye imirwano ikomeye mu bihe bitandukanye. Gukoresha iyo mvugo ni uburyo bwo kugaragaza ko bamwe babona ko AFC/M23 iri gutsinda ku rugamba.
Abasesenguzi mu bya gisirikare bavuga ko intambara zo muri aka karere zishingira ku bintu byinshi birimo imiterere y’ubutaka, ubufasha bwo hanze, imikoranire y’imitwe itandukanye n’ubushobozi bwo gutunganya ibikorwa bya gisirikare.
U Burundi bwafunze umupaka: ingamba z’umutekano cyangwa igitutu cya politiki?
Ikindi kintu cyateje impaka ni icyemezo cy’u Burundi cyo gufunga umupaka nyuma y’izo mvururu. Burundi isanganywe umupaka muremure na Democratic Republic of the Congo, kandi ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi n’urujya n’uruza rw’abaturage ni byinshi hagati y’ibihugu byombi.
Abashyigikiye icyemezo cyo gufunga umupaka bavuga ko ari ingamba zisanzwe z’umutekano zigamije kwirinda ko imirwano yambuka umupaka cyangwa ko hari imitwe yitwaje intwaro yakwinjira mu gihugu.
Ariko abatavuga rumwe n’icyo cyemezo bavuga ko gufunga umupaka bigira ingaruka ku baturage basanzwe, cyane cyane abacuruzi bato n’abambukiranya umupaka buri munsi bashaka imibereho.
Hari n’abibaza igihe uwo mupaka uzamara ufunze, ndetse bakavuga ko gufunga umupaka bidashobora kuba igisubizo kirambye ku bibazo bya gisirikare n’umutekano biri mu karere.
Uruhare rw’u Burundi mu bibazo byo mu burasirazuba bwa Congo
Mu myaka yashize, u Burundi bwohereje ingabo mu burasirazuba bwa Congo mu rwego rwo kurwanya imitwe yitwaje intwaro ibangamira umutekano w’akarere. Ibi byakozwe mu bufatanye n’ubuyobozi bwa Congo.
Abasesenguzi bavuga ko kuba AFC/M23 yarafashe Uvira bishobora gushyira igitutu ku ngabo z’u Burundi zari zikorera muri ako gace. Ibi bishobora gusaba isuzuma rishya ry’ingamba za gisirikare n’imikoranire hagati y’ibihugu byombi.
Ese habayeho kubeshya cyangwa ni politiki isanzwe?
Ikibazo gikomeje kwibazwa ni iki: Ese koko habayeho kubeshya ku mpamvu yo kudahita barwanya AFC/M23, cyangwa ni imvugo za politiki zisanzwe zikoreshwa mu bihe by’intambara?
Mu bihe by’imirwano, amakuru atangwa n’impande zitandukanye akenshi aba afite aho abogamiye. Hari igihe abayobozi bakoresha amagambo agamije guhumuriza abaturage cyangwa kugabanya igitutu cya politiki.
Ni yo mpamvu abasesenguzi benshi basaba ko habaho gutegereza amakuru yemewe atangwa n’inzego zibishinzwe, aho gushingira gusa ku butumwa bukwirakwira ku mbuga nkoranyambaga.
Ingaruka ku karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari
Ibibera muri Uvira no mu bice bya Kivu y’Amajyepfo bifite ingaruka ku karere kose k’Ibiyaga Bigari. Ibihugu birimo Rwanda, Burundi na Democratic Republic of the Congo bifitanye umubano wa hafi, haba mu by’ubucuruzi, umutekano n’imibereho y’abaturage.
Iyo umujyi ukomeye nka Uvira ufaswe n’umutwe w’inyeshyamba, bishobora gutuma habaho kwimuka kw’abaturage, ihungabana ry’ubucuruzi no kwiyongera kw’impagarara za politiki.
Ni yo mpamvu imiryango mpuzamahanga n’akarere isabwa kugira uruhare mu gushaka ibisubizo birambye, birimo ibiganiro bya dipolomasi no gukomeza gushyigikira amahoro.
Umwanzuro: Icyo abaturage bifuza ni amahoro
Nubwo impaka zikomeje ku magambo ya Prime Niyongabo no ku ifatwa rya Uvira na M23, ikigaragara ni uko abaturage ari bo bahura n’ingaruka z’intambara kurusha abandi.
Gufunga umupaka, kwimuka kw’abaturage, guhagarara k’ubucuruzi n’ihungabana ry’umutekano ni bimwe mu bibazo byihutirwa bisaba ibisubizo.
Abaturage benshi bo mu karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari bifuza ko habaho ibiganiro byimbitse, gukemura ibibazo mu buryo bwa dipolomasi no guhagarika imirwano ishobora gukomeza guhungabanya ubuzima bwabo.
Mu gihe impande zitandukanye zikomeje gutanga ibisobanuro n’impamvu ku byemezo zafashe, icy’ingenzi ni uko amahoro n’umutekano birambye ari byo byashyirwa imbere, aho gukomeza guterana amagambo no gukongeza ubushyamirane bushya.
