Reincarnation: Ubuhamya bw’abavuze ko bibutse ubuzima bwabo bwa mbere n’isesengura ryimbitse

Mu nkuru ya mbere twasesenguye igitekerezo cya reincarnation muri rusange. Ubu noneho tugiye kwibanda ku buhamya bw’abantu—cyane cyane abana—bavuze ko bibutse ubuzima bwabo bwa mbere, turebe uko ubushakashatsi bwabigenzuye, n’icyo abahanga babivugaho.

Nk’umusesenguzi ushaka amakuru yizewe, ni ingenzi gutandukanya ibintu bitatu:

1. Inkuru z’ubuhamya (testimonies)

2. Uburyo zashakishijwe (research methodology)

3. Uko zasobanuwe n’abemera n’abatabyemera reincarnation

1. Ubushakashatsi bwa Ian Stevenson

Umuntu uvugwa cyane muri uru rwego ni Ian Stevenson, umuganga w’indwara zo mu mutwe wakoraga muri University of Virginia. Yamaze imyaka irenga 40 akora ubushakashatsi ku bana bavugaga ko bibuka ubuzima bwabo bwa mbere.

Yavugaga ko yakusanyije inkuru zirenga 2,000 mu bihugu bitandukanye birimo u Buhinde, Sri Lanka, Liban, Turukiya, Amerika n’ahandi. Ibyo yakoraga si ukumva inkuru gusa, ahubwo yashakaga:

• Amazina n’aho uwo mwana avuga ko yabaye mbere

• Uko yapfuye

• Abantu bavugaga ko bari mu muryango we wa mbere

• Ibimenyetso by’umubiri (nk’inkovu cyangwa ibisebe)

Yasohoye igitabo cyamamaye cyane cyitwa Twenty Cases Suggestive of Reincarnation, aho yerekanye inkuru 20 zatekerezwaga ko zifite ibimenyetso bifatika.

2. Urugero rw’inkuru z’abana

Mu nkuru nyinshi zakusanyijwe, wasangaga umwana w’imyaka 2–5 atangira kuvuga ko afite “undi muryango,” ko yigeze gupfa mu mpanuka runaka, cyangwa ko yishwe.

Hari aho umwana yavugaga izina ry’umuntu wapfuye mu wundi mujyi, maze hakajya gukorwa iperereza bagasanga koko uwo muntu yarabayeho kandi amakuru umwana yavuze ahura n’ukuri.

Bamwe muri aba bana bavugaga n’uburyo bapfuye—nk’uwarashwe cyangwa wagize impanuka—maze bagasanganwa ibimenyetso by’inkovu ku mubiri bihuye n’aho uwo muntu wa mbere yakomerekeye.

3. Jim Tucker n’ikorwa rikomeje

Nyuma ya Stevenson, ubushakashatsi bwakomeje buyobowe na Jim B. Tucker, na we ukorera muri University of Virginia. Yanditse igitabo cyitwa Life Before Life, aho yakusanyije inkuru z’abana bo muri Amerika bavuze ko bibuka ubuzima bwabo bwa mbere.

Tucker yavuze ko abana benshi batangiraga kuvuga ayo makuru hagati y’imyaka 2 na 4, hanyuma uko bakura ayo “mabwiriza” akagenda azima. Ibi byatumye abashakashatsi bavuga ko niba koko ari ukuri, bishobora kuba bifitanye isano n’uko ubwonko bw’umwana bukura.

4. Icyo abemera reincarnation babivugaho

Abemera reincarnation bavuga ko:

• Kuba abana bato bavuga amakuru atari ayabo bisaba ubusobanuro budasanzwe.

• Kuba hari aho amakuru ahura neza n’ukuri byerekana ko hari “ikintu” gikomeza kubaho nyuma y’urupfu.

• Ibimenyetso by’inkovu ku mubiri bishobora kuba bifitanye isano n’urupfu rwa mbere.

Mu madini nka Hinduism na Buddhism, ibi bifatwa nk’ibisanzwe, kuko bijyanye n’inyigisho za Karma na Samsara.

5. Icyo abashidikanya babivugaho

Ariko abahanga benshi ba siyansi baracyashidikanya. Bavuga ko:

• Abana bashobora kuba barumvise ayo makuru ahandi (cryptomnesia).

• Ababyeyi bashobora kubaza ibibazo biyobora ibisubizo by’umwana batabizi.

• Mu mico yemera reincarnation, abana bashobora gukura bumva izo nkuru bityo bakazivuga nk’aho ari izabo.

• Nta bushakashatsi bwa laboratwari buragaragaza ko “roho” yimuka ikajya mu wundi mubiri.

Bavuga ko inkuru zihura n’ukuri zishobora kuba ari amahirwe (coincidence) cyangwa uburyo bwo guhitamo inkuru zihura n’ukuri gusa (selection bias).

6. Reincarnation mu madini adashyigikira iki gitekerezo

Mu Christianity, inyigisho isanzwe ivuga ko umuntu apfa rimwe, agategereza izuka. Amagambo yo mu Abaheburayo 9:27 akoreshwa cyane mu guhakana reincarnation.

Mu Islam, bemera ubuzima bumwe, urupfu, hanyuma imperuka n’urubanza. Nta mwanya wo kongera kuvuka.

Abasesenguzi ba tewolojiya bavuga ko inkuru z’abana zishobora gusobanurwa n’imbaraga z’imitekerereze cyangwa imyuka mibi (uko bamwe babibona mu myizerere ya gikristo).

7. Ese hari gihamya ya siyansi?

Kugeza ubu, nta gihamya ya siyansi yemewe ku rwego mpuzamahanga yemeza reincarnation nk’ukuri kudashidikanywaho. Icyakora, ubushakashatsi bwa Stevenson na Tucker bwafunguye ibiganiro bikomeye mu rwego rwa siyansi n’imitekerereze.

Abashakashatsi bamwe bavuga ko ibi bintu bikwiye gukorwaho ubushakashatsi bwimbitse kurushaho, ariko bukorerwa mu buryo bukomeye bwa siyansi (controlled studies).

8. Umwanzuro w’umusesenguzi

Iyo usesenguye ibi byose:

• Hari ubuhamya bwinshi bwakusanyijwe mu bihugu bitandukanye.

• Hari abashakashatsi babigenzuye mu buryo bwitondewe.

• Ariko nta gihamya ya siyansi ihamye irabyemeza burundu.

• Ibisobanuro bishobora kuba byinshi: imitekerereze, umuco, kwibeshya, cyangwa ikindi kintu kitarasobanuka neza.

Reincarnation rero iracyari igitekerezo kiri hagati y’imyizerere, filozofiya n’ubushakashatsi butarakemura burundu ikibazo cyayo.