Mu gihe umutekano mu karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari ukomeje kuba ingorabahizi, raporo nshya yashyizwe ahagaragara n’umuryango Consortium International pour les Droits de l’Homme au Congo (CIDHC) igaragaza amakuru akomeye ku muryango mushya uvugwaho guhuza imitwe yitwaje intwaro irwanya u Rwanda.
Iyi raporo ivuga ko mu murwa mukuru wa Kinshasa, hari ibikorwa byo guhuza imitwe itandukanye yitwaje intwaro ikorera mu burasirazuba bwa Democratic Republic of the Congo, hamwe n’abanyapolitiki bamwe bari mu buhungiro, bagamije gushyiraho ihuriro rikomeye ryahuriza hamwe imbaraga za gisirikare n’iza politiki mu kurwanya u Rwanda.
Mu bantu bavugwaho kugira uruhare muri uyu mugambi harimo Perezida wa RDC Félix Tshisekedi ndetse n’umwe mu banyapolitiki bafite amateka mu Rwanda, Jean‑Luc Habyarimana, umuhungu wa Perezida wahoze ayobora u Rwanda Juvénal Habyarimana.
Iyi nkuru ikomeje guteza impaka mu karere, aho bamwe bavuga ko ishobora guhindura imiterere y’umutekano n’umubano w’ibihugu byo mu karere.
Inama yabereye muri Afurika y’Epfo
Raporo ya CIDHC ivuga ko mu mwaka wa 2025 habaye ibiganiro bikomeye byabereye mu mujyi wa Cape Town muri South Africa.
Ibi biganiro byari bigamije kureba uburyo bwo guhuza imitwe itandukanye yitwaje intwaro ikorera mu burasirazuba bwa RDC hamwe n’abanyapolitiki bari mu mahanga.
Abitabiriye ibyo biganiro ngo baganiriye ku bintu byinshi birimo:
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uburyo bwo gushaka abarwanyi bashya
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uburyo bwo gukusanya inkunga mu banyarwanda n’abanye-Congo baba mu mahanga
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uburyo bwo gushyiraho ihuriro rya politiki ryahuriza hamwe imitwe itandukanye
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gushaka uburyo bwo kongera igitutu ku Rwanda mu bya gisirikare no mu bya dipolomasi
Abasesenguzi bavuga ko iyo nama ishobora kuba ari imwe mu ntambwe zikomeye mu gutegura ihuriro rishya rishobora guhindura imbaraga ziri mu karere.
Uruhare rwa Jean-Luc Habyarimana
Kimwe mu byakuruye cyane impaka ni amakuru avuga ko Jean‑Luc Habyarimana, umuhungu wa Juvénal Habyarimana, yaba yaritabiriye iyo nama hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rya videwo.
Jean-Luc Habyarimana ni umwe mu banyapolitiki b’Abanyarwanda baba mu buhungiro, kandi amaze igihe agaragara mu bikorwa bya politiki birwanya ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda.
Raporo ivuga ko mu biganiro byabereye i Cape Town, hagaragajwe igitekerezo cyo guhuza abanyapolitiki bari mu buhungiro n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro, kugira ngo bashyireho ihuriro rimwe rishobora gukora ibikorwa bya politiki n’ibya gisirikare icyarimwe.
Abasesenguzi bavuga ko guhuza izo mpande zombi bishobora kongera imbaraga ku mitwe irwanya u Rwanda.
Uruhare rwa Perezida Félix Tshisekedi
Raporo ya CIDHC ivuga ko hari ibimenyetso byerekana ko ubutegetsi bwa Félix Tshisekedi bushobora kuba bufasha cyangwa bushyigikira ibikorwa byo guhuza iyo mitwe.
Nubwo Leta ya RDC itigeze yemera ku mugaragaro ayo makuru, hari ibimenyetso bivugwa muri raporo bigaragaza ko bamwe mu bayobozi ba gisirikare n’abanyapolitiki bo muri Kinshasa bari mu biganiro byo gushyiraho iryo huriro.
Abasesenguzi bemeza ko ibi bishobora kuba bishingiye ku makimbirane amaze igihe hagati ya RDC n’u Rwanda ku kibazo cy’umutekano mu burasirazuba bwa Congo.
FDLR nayo yongeye kugaragara
Iyi raporo yongeye kuvugwa cyane nyuma y’itangazo ryashyizwe ahagaragara n’umutwe wa FDLR (Forces Démocratiques de Libération du Rwanda).
Uyu mutwe umaze imyaka myinshi urwanya u Rwanda, ukaba ugizwe ahanini n’abahoze mu ngabo za Leta y’u Rwanda mbere ya 1994 hamwe n’abandi bawiyunzeho nyuma.
FDLR yatangaje ko ubuyobozi bwayo bukorera mu mujyi wa Uvira, uherereye muri South Kivu Province mu burasirazuba bwa Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Icyateye impaka cyane ni uko uwo mutwe wanashimiye Perezida Félix Tshisekedi ku bufasha uvuga ko wahaye ibikorwa byawo.
Abasesenguzi bavuga ko iryo tangazo ryatumye benshi bongera kwibaza ku mubano ushobora kuba uri hagati ya leta ya RDC n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro ikorera mu burasirazuba bw’icyo gihugu.
Imitwe yitwaje intwaro mu burasirazuba bwa Congo
Uburasirazuba bwa Democratic Republic of the Congo bumaze imyaka irenga makumyabiri burimo imitwe myinshi yitwaje intwaro.
Iyo mitwe irimo:
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FDLR
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ADF
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M23
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indi mitwe myinshi y’aba Mai-Mai
Iyi mitwe yagiye ivugwaho kugira uruhare mu bikorwa byinshi by’ubugizi bwa nabi birimo:
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ubwicanyi bwibasira abasivile
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ubujura bw’amabuye y’agaciro
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gufata ku ngufu abagore n’abakobwa
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gutwara abantu ku ngufu
Ibi byose byatumye akarere k’Ibiyaga Bigari kagira amateka maremare y’umutekano muke.
Impungenge ku mutekano w’akarere
Abashakashatsi bakoze iyo raporo bavuga ko guhuza imitwe itandukanye yitwaje intwaro bishobora guteza ikibazo gikomeye ku mutekano w’akarere.
Iyo mitwe iramutse ihuje imbaraga, ishobora:
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kongera ubushobozi bwa gisirikare
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kubona inkunga nyinshi mu mahanga
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gutegura ibitero bikomeye kurushaho
Ibi bishobora gutuma umutekano w’akarere wiyongera kuba muke, cyane cyane ku mipaka ihuza u Rwanda na RDC.
Uruhare rwa diaspora
Raporo ya CIDHC igaragaza ko hari gahunda yo gukusanya inkunga mu bantu baba mu mahanga, cyane cyane muri:
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u Burayi
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Amerika
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Afurika y’Epfo
Iyo nkunga ishobora gukoreshwa mu:
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kugura intwaro
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gutera inkunga ibikorwa bya politiki
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gufasha abarwanyi
Abasesenguzi bavuga ko diaspora ishobora kugira uruhare rukomeye mu gushyigikira cyangwa mu guhagarika ibikorwa nk’ibi.
U Rwanda rubivugaho iki?
Nubwo iyi raporo itarashimangirwa n’inzego zose mpuzamahanga, bamwe mu bayobozi mu Rwanda bamaze igihe bagaragaza impungenge ku bufasha bavuga ko imitwe irwanya u Rwanda ihabwa n’ibihugu bimwe byo mu karere.
U Rwanda rumaze igihe ruvuga ko umutwe wa FDLR ukorera mu burasirazuba bwa Congo ari ikibazo gikomeye ku mutekano warwo.
Abayobozi b’u Rwanda bagiye basaba ko uwo mutwe useswa burundu, kuko ugizwe n’abantu bagize uruhare muri 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi.
Icyo abasesenguzi bavuga
Abasesenguzi mu bya politiki mpuzamahanga bavuga ko amakuru nk’aya agaragaza ko umutekano mu karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari ushobora kongera guhungabana.
Bavuga ko impamvu zishobora gutuma iyo mitwe ihuza imbaraga zirimo:
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amakimbirane ya politiki hagati y’ibihugu
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inyungu zishingiye ku mabuye y’agaciro
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ibikorwa bya dipolomasi bitagenda neza
Bamwe mu basesenguzi banavuga ko guhuza imitwe yitwaje intwaro bishobora kuba uburyo bwo gushyira igitutu ku Rwanda mu rwego rwa politiki.
Ese akarere kari kwerekeza he?
Mu gihe ibibazo by’umutekano bikomeje kuvugwa mu burasirazuba bwa Congo, abakurikiranira hafi politiki y’akarere bavuga ko hakenewe ibiganiro bya dipolomasi bikomeye hagati y’ibihugu byo mu karere.
Ibihugu byo mu karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari byagiye bigira uruhare mu biganiro bitandukanye by’amahoro, ariko ibibazo bikomeje kugaruka.
Abasesenguzi bavuga ko niba amakuru ari muri raporo ya Consortium International pour les Droits de l’Homme au Congo ari ukuri, bishobora gusaba ingamba zikomeye z’amahanga kugira ngo hatagira intambara nshya itangira mu karere.
Umusozo
Raporo igaragaza ko hari ibikorwa bishobora kuba biri gukorerwa mu ibanga bigamije guhuza imitwe yitwaje intwaro n’abanyapolitiki bari mu buhungiro.
Nubwo hari byinshi bikiri mu rwego rw’amakuru y’iperereza, iyi raporo itanga ishusho y’ibishobora kuba biri gutegurwa mu karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari.
Mu gihe umutekano w’akarere ukomeje kuba ingorabahizi, benshi bemeza ko inzira irambye ari ugushakira ibisubizo mu biganiro bya dipolomasi, aho gukomeza gukoresha intwaro.
