Mu gihe isi iri kugenda ihura n’ibibazo bikomeye by’umutekano birimo amakimbirane hagati y’ibihugu, iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rihindura imiterere y’intambara, ibyaha byambukiranya imipaka ndetse n’impinduka mu mibanire ya politiki ku rwego mpuzamahanga, abayobozi mu nzego z’umutekano basabwa kugira ubumenyi bwagutse bubafasha guhangana n’izo mbogamizi.
Ni muri urwo rwego Umuyobozi wa Diviziyo ya 3 mu Ngabo z’u Rwanda, Maj Gen Eugene Nkubito, yatangaje ko ibibazo by’umutekano byo muri iki gihe bigenda birushaho kuba urusobe, bityo bikaba bisaba abayobozi bashoboye gutekereza kure, bagafata ibyemezo bitareba gusa urugamba ahubwo bakareba n’ingaruka zabyo ku isi muri rusange.
Ibi yabigarutseho ubwo yatangizaga amasomo yiga ku Mubano Mpuzamahanga n’Umutekano mu Ishuri Rikuru rya Gisirikare riri mu Karere ka Musanze (RDF Command and Staff College – RDFCSC). Aya masomo ari mu rwego rwo kongerera ubumenyi abayobozi bakuru mu nzego z’umutekano, by’umwihariko mu guhangana n’ibibazo by’umutekano ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
Aya mahugurwa ategurwa ku bufatanye n’Ikigo cy’Umuryango w’Abibumbye gishinzwe amahugurwa n’ubushakashatsi (UNITAR), kikaba ari kimwe mu bigo by’Umuryango w’Abibumbye bigira uruhare rukomeye mu kongerera ubumenyi abayobozi n’impuguke mu nzego zitandukanye.
Ibibazo by’umutekano birushaho kuba urusobe
Mu ijambo rye, Maj Gen Eugene Nkubito yavuze ko isi iri mu gihe impinduka ziri kwihuta cyane, cyane cyane mu bijyanye n’umutekano. Yagaragaje ko mu bihe byashize ibibazo by’umutekano byibandaga cyane ku ntambara zisanzwe hagati y’ibihugu, ariko muri iki gihe ibintu byahindutse cyane.
Yagize ati:
“Uyu munsi ibibazo by’umutekano ntabwo bikiri gusa intambara hagati y’ingabo z’ibihugu bibiri. Hariho ibibazo byinshi birimo iterabwoba mpuzamahanga, ibyaha byambukiranya imipaka, ibitero byo kuri internet (cyber attacks), n’amakimbirane ashingiye ku nyungu za politiki n’ubukungu.”
Yakomeje asobanura ko iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ryazanye amahirwe menshi mu iterambere ry’ibihugu, ariko rikazana n’ibibazo bishya by’umutekano.
Urugero ni ibitero by’ikoranabuhanga bishobora guhungabanya ibikorwa remezo by’ibihugu, ubujura bw’amakuru, cyangwa se ibikorwa byo gukwirakwiza amakuru y’ibinyoma ashobora guteza umutekano muke mu bihugu.
Akamaro ko kwiga ku mubano mpuzamahanga
Maj Gen Nkubito yagaragaje ko kumenya neza uburyo ibihugu bibana ku rwego mpuzamahanga ari ingenzi cyane ku bayobozi mu nzego z’umutekano.
Yasobanuye ko umutekano w’igihugu utagomba kurebwa gusa mu mbibi zacyo, ahubwo ugomba kurebwa mu buryo bwagutse burimo n’imibanire yacyo n’ibindi bihugu.
Aya masomo yatangiye muri RDFCSC agamije gufasha abayitabiriye gusobanukirwa neza:
- Imiterere y’umubano mpuzamahanga
- Politiki z’ibihugu ku rwego rw’isi
- Imiterere y’amakimbirane mpuzamahanga
- Uruhare rw’imiryango mpuzamahanga mu kubungabunga amahoro
Abitabiriye aya mahugurwa baziga uburyo bwo gusesengura ibibazo by’umutekano ku rwego mpuzamahanga no gushaka ibisubizo birambye.
Rwanda rukomeje gushyira imbere amahugurwa y’ingabo
U Rwanda rumaze igihe rugaragaza ko rushyira imbaraga nyinshi mu kongerera ubumenyi ingabo zarwo kugira ngo zishobore guhangana n’ibibazo by’umutekano biri ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
Ishuri Rikuru rya Gisirikare rya RDFCSC riri mu Karere ka Musanze ni rimwe mu mashuri akomeye atanga amahugurwa ku bayobozi mu ngabo, haba mu Rwanda ndetse no mu bindi bihugu byo muri Afurika.
Abanyeshuri baryigamo akenshi baba ari abasirikare bafite uburambe mu kazi kabo, bityo bakaba bigishwa amasomo abaha ubushobozi bwo kuyobora ingabo ku rwego rwo hejuru.
Aya masomo abarimo:
- Imiyoborere ya gisirikare
- Uburyo bwo gutegura ibikorwa by’umutekano
- Amategeko mpuzamahanga agenga intambara
- Ubufatanye mu bikorwa byo kubungabunga amahoro
Ubufatanye n’imiryango mpuzamahanga
Gufatanya n’UNITAR mu gutegura aya masomo ni ikimenyetso cy’uko u Rwanda rukomeje gufatanya n’imiryango mpuzamahanga mu guteza imbere ubumenyi mu nzego z’umutekano.
UNITAR ni ikigo cy’Umuryango w’Abibumbye gifite inshingano zo gutanga amahugurwa n’ubushakashatsi mu nzego zitandukanye zirimo amahoro n’umutekano, iterambere rirambye, n’imiyoborere myiza.
Ubufatanye nk’ubu bufasha abayobozi mu ngabo kubona ubumenyi mpuzamahanga ndetse no gusangira ubunararibonye n’abandi bayobozi baturutse mu bindi bihugu.
Impinduka z’ikoranabuhanga n’umutekano
Kimwe mu bintu byagarutsweho cyane muri aya mahugurwa ni uruhare rw’ikoranabuhanga mu mutekano w’isi.
Maj Gen Nkubito yavuze ko ikoranabuhanga riri guhindura uburyo intambara n’ibikorwa by’umutekano bikorwa.
Uyu munsi hari ibintu byinshi bishya byinjiriye mu rwego rw’umutekano birimo:
- Intambara zo kuri internet (cyber warfare)
- Gukoresha drones mu bikorwa bya gisirikare
- Gukusanya amakuru hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rigezweho
- Gukoresha ubwenge buhangano (Artificial Intelligence)
Ibi byose bisaba abayobozi bafite ubumenyi bwagutse kandi bashobora kumva neza uko isi igenda ihinduka.
Ibyaha byambukiranya imipaka
Ikindi kibazo gikomeye Maj Gen Nkubito yagarutseho ni ibyaha byambukiranya imipaka.
Ibi byaha birimo:
- ubucuruzi bw’abantu
- ubucuruzi bw’intwaro butemewe
- ubucuruzi bw’ibiyobyabwenge
- iterabwoba mpuzamahanga
Ibi bibazo ntibishobora gukemurwa n’igihugu kimwe gusa, ahubwo bisaba ubufatanye bw’ibihugu byinshi ndetse n’imiryango mpuzamahanga.
Ni yo mpamvu abayobozi mu nzego z’umutekano bagomba kugira ubumenyi ku mubano mpuzamahanga kugira ngo bashobore gukorana neza n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa.
Uruhare rw’u Rwanda mu kubungabunga amahoro
U Rwanda ni kimwe mu bihugu by’Afurika bifite uruhare runini mu bikorwa byo kubungabunga amahoro ku isi.
Ingabo z’u Rwanda zimaze koherezwa mu bihugu byinshi mu butumwa bwa Loni bwo kubungabunga amahoro, harimo:
- Sudani y’Epfo
- Centrafrique
- Darfur
Aya mahugurwa rero afasha abasirikare b’u Rwanda kurushaho kwitegura neza iyo bagiye mu butumwa mpuzamahanga.
Abitabiriye amasomo basabwe gutekereza kure
Maj Gen Nkubito yasabye abitabiriye aya mahugurwa kudafata aya masomo nk’inyigisho zisanzwe gusa, ahubwo bakayifata nk’amahirwe yo kwagura imitekerereze yabo.
Yagize ati:
“Uyu munsi abayobozi mu nzego z’umutekano bagomba gutekereza kure cyane kurusha uko byahoze. Ibyemezo bafata bishobora kugira ingaruka ku rwego rw’igihugu, ku karere ndetse no ku isi.”
Yabasabye gukoresha neza ubumenyi bazahabwa muri aya mahugurwa kugira ngo bazabe abayobozi bashoboye guhangana n’ibibazo by’umutekano biriho n’ibizaza mu gihe kiri imbere.
Umwanzuro
Gutangira amasomo ku mubano mpuzamahanga n’umutekano mu Ishuri Rikuru rya Gisirikare rya RDFCSC ni intambwe ikomeye mu gukomeza kongerera ubumenyi abayobozi mu nzego z’umutekano mu Rwanda.
Mu gihe isi igenda ihinduka kandi ibibazo by’umutekano bikarushaho kuba byinshi kandi bigoye, amahugurwa nk’aya ni ingenzi mu gutegura abayobozi bashoboye gutekereza birenze urugamba, bakareba umutekano mu buryo bwagutse kandi burambye.
Ubufatanye hagati y’u Rwanda n’imiryango mpuzamahanga nka UNITAR na bwo bukomeza kugaragaza ubushake bwo gukorera hamwe mu guharanira amahoro n’umutekano ku isi.
Biteganyijwe ko amasomo nk’aya azakomeza gutangwa mu gihe kiri imbere, kugira ngo abakiri bato mu nzego z’umutekano nabo babone ubumenyi bukenewe mu guhangana n’ibibazo by’umutekano byo mu gihe kizaza.
