Amabanga 12 Akomeye Ari Mu Ivanjiri ya Mariya: Inyigisho Zimbitse Abantu Benshi Batazi
Mu mateka y’Ubukristo bwa mbere hari inyandiko nyinshi zagiye zivumburwa zigaragaza uburyo abigishwa ba Yesu bumvaga inyigisho ze mu buryo butandukanye. Muri izo nyandiko harimo imwe izwi cyane yitwa Gospel of Mary, cyangwa Ivanjiri ya Mariya.
Iyi nyandiko yibanda cyane ku ruhare rwa Mary Magdalene, umwe mu bagore bakurikiye cyane Yesu. Mu Mavanjiri asanzwe ari muri Bibiliya, Mariya agaragara nk’umugore Yesu yakijije kandi akaba umwe mu bamubonye nyuma y’izuka rye. Ariko mu Ivanjiri ya Mariya, agaragara nk’umwigishwa ufite ubumenyi bwimbitse bw’umwuka.
Abashakashatsi mu mateka ya Bibiliya bavuga ko iyi nyandiko ishobora kuba yaranditswe hagati y’umwaka wa 120 na 180 nyuma ya Yesu, ikaboneka mu nyandiko z’ikirimi cya Coptic zabonetse mu gitabo cyitwa Berlin Codex.
Nubwo itashyizwe mu Mavanjiri ane yemewe ari yo Gospel of Matthew, Gospel of Mark, Gospel of Luke na Gospel of John, iyi nyandiko igaragaza ibitekerezo by’ingenzi byari mu matsinda amwe y’abakristo ba mbere.
Hano tugiye kureba amabanga 12 akomeye ari muri Ivanjiri ya Mariya, tukayasobanura neza kandi tugereranye n’ibiri muri Bibiliya Yera ndetse n’izindi nyandiko.
1. Itegeko rikomeye: Ubwami bw’Imana buri mu muntu imbere
Mu Ivanjiri ya Mariya havugwa ko Yesu yigishije ko ubwami bw’Imana butagomba gushakirwa hanze gusa, ahubwo buri mu muntu imbere.
Iyi nyigisho ifitanye isano n’iri jambo riri muri Gospel of Luke 17:21 aho Yesu yavuze ati:
“Ubwami bw’Imana buri muri mwe.”
Ibi byerekana ko ubuzima bw’umwuka butangirira mu mutima w’umuntu. Ntabwo ari ibintu by’amadini gusa, ahubwo ni ubuzima bw’imbere mu muntu.
Urugero:
Iyo umuntu afite amahoro mu mutima, imbabazi n’urukundo, aba atangiye kubaho ubuzima bw’ubwami bw’Imana.
2. Ubumenyi bw’umwuka (Gnosis) ni inzira yo kumenya Imana
Abanditse Ivanjiri ya Mariya bashimangiraga ko kumenya ukuri kw’umwuka ari byo biganisha ku gukizwa.
Ibi bifitanye isano n’inyigisho zo mu cyerekezo cyitwa Gnosticism, cyavugaga ko umuntu agomba kugira ubumenyi bwihariye bw’umwuka.
Mu Gospel of John 8:32 Yesu yavuze ati:
“Muzamenya ukuri, ukuri kuzababatura.”
Ibi byerekana ko kumenya ukuri ari intambwe ikomeye mu kubohoka kw’umwuka.
3. Mariya yari umwe mu bigishwa bakomeye ba Yesu
Mu Ivanjiri ya Mariya, Mary Magdalene agaragara nk’umuntu Yesu yahishuriye inyigisho zidasanzwe.
Ibi bihura n’ibigaragara muri Gospel of John 20:16 aho Mariya yabonye Yesu amaze kuzuka mbere y’abandi bigishwa benshi.
Mu mateka y’Ubukristo, bamwe mu bahanga bavuga ko Mariya yari umwe mu bayobozi b’itorero rya mbere.
4. Intambara y’umwuka ibera mu bitekerezo by’umuntu
Mu iyerekwa rya Mariya, havugwamo urugendo rw’umwuka w’umuntu unyura mu nzitizi zitandukanye.
Izi nzitizi zirimo:
ubwoba
irari
ubujiji
ubwishongozi
Ibi bihura n’inyigisho za Pawulo mu Epistle to the Ephesians 6:12 aho havuga ko:
“Intambara yacu atari iy’amaraso n’umubiri ahubwo ni iy’imbaraga z’umwuka.”
Ibi bisobanura ko intambara nyinshi z’umuntu zibera mu mutima n’ibitekerezo.
5. Ubumenyi bw’umwuka burusha amategeko
Ivanjiri ya Mariya yerekana ko gukurikiza amategeko gusa bidahagije.
Yesu yigishije ko ubumenyi bw’umwuka n’urukundo ari byo by’ingenzi.
Ibi bihura n’ibiri muri Gospel of Matthew 22:37 aho Yesu yavuze ati:
“Ukunde Uwiteka Imana yawe n’umutima wawe wose.”
Urukundo ni rwo shingiro ry’inyigisho za Yesu.
6. Abigishwa bagiranye impaka ku buyobozi
Mu Ivanjiri ya Mariya habamo impaka hagati ya Peter the Apostle na Mariya.
Petero abaza niba Yesu koko yarahishuriye Mariya ibintu atabwiye abandi.
Ariko Levi the Apostle aramushyigikira.
Ibi byerekana ko mu itorero rya mbere habayeho impaka ku buyobozi n’ubusobanuro bw’inyigisho za Yesu.
7. Umwuka w’umuntu ushobora kugera ku bwigenge
Ivanjiri ya Mariya ivuga ko umwuka w’umuntu ugomba kwigobotora imbaraga zibuza umuntu kubona ukuri.
Ibi bihura n’inyigisho zo muri Epistle to the Romans 12:2 aho Pawulo avuga ati:
“Muhinduke mushya mu mitekerereze yanyu.”
Ibi bivuga ko guhindura imitekerereze ari intambwe yo kugera ku buzima bushya.
8. Abagore bafite uruhare mu buyobozi bw’umwuka
Ivanjiri ya Mariya igaragaza ko abagore bashobora kuba abayobozi mu itorero.
Mu Bibiliya, hari abagore benshi bagize uruhare rukomeye:
Deborah – yari umucamanza wa Israel
Esther – yarokoye ubwoko bwe
Priscilla – yigishije ubutumwa bwa Yesu
Ibi byerekana ko abagore bagize uruhare runini mu mateka y’Ubukristo.
9. Ubwoba ni imwe mu nzitizi zikomeye z’umwuka
Mu iyerekwa rya Mariya, ubwoba bugaragara nk’imbaraga zibuza umuntu kugera ku kuri.
Mu Second Epistle to Timothy 1:7 havuga ko:
“Imana itaduhaye umwuka w’ubwoba ahubwo yaduhaye uw’imbaraga n’urukundo.”
Ibi bigaragaza ko kwizera kurwanya ubwoba.
10. Umuntu agomba kumenya ukuri kwe
Ivanjiri ya Mariya ivuga ko umuntu agomba kumenya uwo ari we mu buryo bw’umwuka.
Ibi bihura n’inyigisho ziri muri Gospel of Thomas aho havuga ko:
“Nimumenya ubwanyu, muzamenya Imana.”
Iyi nyigisho yibanda ku kumenya ubuzima bw’imbere.
11. Ubutumwa bwa Yesu bwari bugamije kubohora abantu
Yesu ntiyaje gusa gushinga idini, ahubwo yazanye ubutumwa bwo kubohora abantu mu byaha no mu bwoba.
Mu Gospel of John 10:10 yavuze ati:
“Naje kugira ngo bagire ubugingo, ndetse babugire bwinshi.”
Ibi byerekana ko ubutumwa bwe bwari ubuzima bushya.
12. Ubumenyi bw’umwuka bugomba gusangizwa abandi
Mu gusoza Ivanjiri ya Mariya, abigishwa bashishikarizwa kujya kwamamaza ubutumwa bwa Yesu.
Ibi bihura n’itegeko Yesu yahaye abigishwa muri Gospel of Matthew 28:19:
“Nimugende muhindure abantu bo mu mahanga yose abigishwa.”
Umusozo
Ivanjiri ya Mariya ni imwe mu nyandiko zigaragaza uburyo abakristo ba mbere batekerezaga ku buzima bw’umwuka n’inyigisho za Yesu.
Nubwo itashyizwe muri Bibiliya yemewe n’amadini menshi, ifasha abashakashatsi kumenya:
amateka y’itorero rya mbere
uruhare rwa Mary Magdalene
uburyo inyigisho za Yesu zasobanurwaga mu matsinda atandukanye
Ku munyamakuru cyangwa umwanditsi, iyi nyandiko ishobora kuba isoko y’inkuru zisesengura amateka n’inyigisho z’umwuka.
Ubutaha tuzarebara hamwe AMABANGA 21 ari mu Ivanjiri ya Mariya n’andi ari muri Gospel of Thomas na Gospel of Philip kuko ari zo nyandiko zifitanye isano.
